Assessment of Solid-State Lighting, Phase Two (2017) / Chapter Skim
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4 SSL Applications
4 SSL Applications
Pages 56-73
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From page 56... ...
Generally, these installed U.S. base of indoor lighting products were LED subcomponents include the following: products, while outdoor lighting LED products accounted for 14 percent of the installed base.
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From page 57... ...
. that can degrade the artwork.7 OLED products have been introduced by a couple of manufacturers.5 Customers have appreciated the aesthetics of these products, especially in terms of shape, product Lighting Control Trends sleekness, uniformity of light distribution, and smoothness In residential lighting, LED lamps for wirelessly conof dimming performance.
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From page 58... ...
Although automotive lighting applications do not directly The most common retrofit is a lamp replacement, with mixed contribute to the Department of Energy's (DOE's) energy results.14 For example, in commercial applications, linear savings goals, they do provide market opportunities for fluorescent lamps can be replaced with tubular LED (TLED)
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From page 59... ...
Type B TLEDs raise a specific concern, which is beyond legacy dimming systems, including limited ceiling not shared by all in the lighting industry, because the lamp access and existing electrical distribution systems not being sockets for linear fluorescent lamps are typically not rated designed for nonlinear loads.17 for line power connections, leading to potentially unsafe installations, unless lamp sockets are replaced.15 In addition, CURRENT CHALLENGES some Type B TLEDs have the same pin configurations as the fluorescent tubes they replace. This leads to concerns that, Lighting designers still struggle with specifying SSL in the future, a TLED could be replaced with a fluorescent technology, especially as the technology continues to evolve.
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From page 60... ...
is curApplications." rently developing an SSL reliability standard.21 SSL products can fall short of promises made, which is a further source of dissatisfaction of some users. As some of FINDING: The lifetimes of LED lamps and luminaires the earliest commercialized products age, evidence of long- are estimated to be the time at which the luminous flux of term effects, such as color shifts, power supply failure, and the lighting product is expected to be 70 percent of initial shorter-than-expected product lifetimes (Poplawski, 2013; luminous flux, based on continuous operation tests of the Royer, 2013; Miller, 2013)
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From page 61... ...
Spatial Distribution and Form Factors OLEDs are being developed by the display industry and currently have very little presence in the lighting industry.24 Changeable spatial distributions of light can be achieved Since the goal of the DOE SSL program is to reduce the by single luminaires that adjust the pattern of emitted light energy consumed by lighting, the focus has primarily been through a control system. For instance, instead of having on existing uses of light.
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From page 62... ...
Washington State has adopted a minimum luminous efficacy requirement for lighting used for plant growth.28 Unfortu nately, this has the potential to unnecessarily increase energy Horticultural Lighting use, with no benefit to the plants. There was also a proposal Photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert to the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC)
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From page 63... ...
. for luminous efficacy clearly makes little sense when design- Increased photoperiods have not been universally found to ing lighting products for plant growth.
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should consider initiating a broad stakeholder project to DOE speculates that LED lighting could have benefits for develop appropriate energy efficiency metrics for the most animal behavior and well-being because of the ability to tune important emerging lighting applications, including horti
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Today several companies are developing VLC sys- the relative immaturity of the SSL. For instance, the comtems for shoppers at stores.31 In these systems, a shopper's mercialization of OLED lighting products is limited by a smartphone works with the LEDs in the light fixtures in the lack of basic measurement methods.
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From page 66... ...
Luminous Flux and Color Maintenance of LED Packages, Even the role of lighting designers in design teams and the Arrays and Modules; as well as TM-21-11: Projecting Long stage at which they are engaged with design projects are Term Lumen Maintenance of LED Light Sources. These consequences of traditions that were shaped by the techapply to LED sources, only.
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From page 67... ...
Light absorption has traditionally been thought However, the energy consumed by lighting depends both to be unavoidable in lighting design -- the color and lightness on the luminous efficacy of the lighting technologies and of a surface determines the relative amount of light reflected the way in which those technologies are used to illuminate to the observer and the amount absorbed and converted to spaces. In illumination applications, the purpose of light is heat.
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2016. Delayed sleep phase disorder: Clinical perspective lighting design process and the design of lighting products.
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SPIE Optics and Photonics. August with and without incandescent as light sources used in plant growth 28 to September 1.
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2014. Toward related color temperature light sources.
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At higher p-n junction temperatures, the necting individual LED devices on a printed circuit board, amount of photons emitted decreases and the spectral power which is then connected thermally to the heat sink. distribution shifts to longer wavelengths.
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From page 72... ...
, active cooling may be INC CFL LED INC CFL LED INC CFL LED INC CFL LED required to dissipate the heat. Even though mechanical fans have been used in some high-power LED lighting products,1 A19 PAR20 PAR30 PAR38 they are not desirable for many reasons, including short life, acoustic noise, attraction of dust, and increased energy use.
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From page 73... ...
June. Thermal performance of LED packages for solid state lighting with Tsais, Y.P., and C
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