Flowback and Produced Waters Opportunities and Challenges for Innovation: Proceedings of a Workshop (2017) / Chapter Skim
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4 Technologies for Managing Flowback and Produced Waters for Potential Use
4 Technologies for Managing Flowback and Produced Waters for Potential Use
Pages 29-38
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From page 29... ...
Cath then used the remainder of his time to discuss oil and gas water use, various approaches to water treatment, including desalination and pretreatment, and a decision support tool developed in his group to help determine the kind of treatment options that would be most appropriate for a given intended end use. In the oil and gas industry, about 2.3 billion gallons per day of produced water is generated, with a very small percent (less than 10 percent)
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From page 30... ...
The treatment process goals have to be fit for purpose, cost effective, and compatible with hydraulic fracturing fluids and geochemistry. Cath briefly discussed desalination because of the importance of removing salts from produced water.
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From page 31... ...
ter and drinking water. Treatment trains described included biological active filtration, membrane bioreactors, ultrafiltration, and nanofiltration.
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From page 32... ...
~$3.50 Clarification •Advantages include few moving parts and less downtime. $4.50/bbl •Sacrificial plates create a hydrolyzed metal sweet floc that significantly lowers total suspended solids (TSS)
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From page 33... ...
Okullo noted that when one selects a vendor for recycling water, one has to make sure that the vendor is economically sound because hydraulic fracture water chemistry changes. For example, for many of the pilot trials Okullo mentioned, from initial bench testing to larger-scale facilities, the water chemistry changed considerably.
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From page 34... ...
In addition to the filter cake, a little over 1,000 tons of salt per day would be generated as would 10,000 barrels of calcium chloride; a good market exists for this latter product.
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From page 35... ...
He concluded by asking the audience if this regional issue also needed to be addressed. MODERATED DISCUSSION Capuano moderated the discussion and led with a question to the panelists: Because many of the processes described by the panelists were individual techniques, does an activity exist that integrates across processes and looks at reducing water treatment costs from a holistic perspective?
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From page 36... ...
A participant commented on decentralizing water treatment or moving toward mobile onsite water treatment. Mobile onsite water treatment may make sense, the participant continued, when an onsite or nearby use for the water already exists.
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From page 37... ...
The optimal approach with this kind of operational procedure is still a question as the operators try to balance the economics of wells being offline for a period of time with the potential for less water production and greater oil or gas production. The participant thought that keeping water in the ground for longer periods of time could be a piece of the solution to produced water concerns and reinforced McCurdy's comments that fundamental questions remain in this area.
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From page 38... ...
McCurdy mentioned that some of the hurdles to developing technologies to treat the water are not having the tools to know what is in the water. There was a follow-on comment about possible short- and long-term impacts of residual contaminants on treatment processes and that produced water is a variable stream, in terms of both quality and quantity.
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