Flowback and Produced Waters Opportunities and Challenges for Innovation: Proceedings of a Workshop (2017) / Chapter Skim
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2 Setting the Stage: Keynote Session
2 Setting the Stage: Keynote Session
Pages 5-18
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. Focusing first on overall withdrawals of water from surface and groundwater sources and their relationship to energy production and infrastructure, she indicated that close to 50 percent of water withdrawals nationally from fresh and saline sources are for thermoelectric cooling.
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. The thin blue lines extending from fresh surface and groundwater sources on the left side of the diagram up to petroleum, natural gas, and biomass show the relatively small magnitudes of those water volumes compared to overall water uses in other sectors.
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. To reduce dependence on surface water resources, and diversify both the sources of water and the water type, potential exists to consider using produced water, after appropriate treatment with various technologies, for thermoelectric cooling.
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contribution on treatment and management of nontraditional water in collaboration with its Chinese counterpart, the Research Institute for Petroleum Exploration and Development. FLOWBACK AND PRODUCED WATERS John Veil, Veil Environmental, LLC Veil opened his presentation by mentioning that produced water is quite variable over place and time.
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From page 9... ...
Veil suggested that if he had access to all of the data, a ratio of produced water to oil might be closer to 10 to 1. The remainder of Veil's presentation covered four topics: produced water management practice, produced water treatment, reusing produced water, and barriers and possible solutions/opportunities to increasing use of produced water.
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From page 10... ...
• Pennsylvania, 29 million barrels of produced water were used for new hydraulic fracturing and other drilling fluids. Produced Water Treatment Veil briefly introduced treatment aspects of produced water, stating that, even if water is injected for disposal, treatment may be necessary.
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In some circumstances, produced water may have low or moderate salinity and, when this occurs, salt can be removed economically and the waters then used for irrigating agricultural crops or watering livestock or wildlife. TABLE 2.2 Flowback and Produced Water Management Practices in the Pennsylvania Portion of the Marcellus Shale During 2012 Percent of Total Flowback Produced Total Water Water Volume Water Volume Water Volume Volume Managed by Practice (bbl/year)
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From page 12... ...
Every state has the ability to set its own water rights laws and regulations, and as long as produced water is considered a waste product, he said, the water rights holder may not be concerned. However, if produced water is treated with a plan to sell to an end user, the water attains an economic value which may change the approach to produced water by the water rights holder and other parties.
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From page 13... ...
Thus, motivation exists to reduce the costs associated with produced water and water management, in general. She noted that produced water is generated from most active wells, although every oil or gas play has a different water profile and a different quantity of water produced depending on the life of the well.
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From page 14... ...
SOURCE: Cooper, slide 3. Sector Breakdown of "All Others" 7% 8% 0.1% O&G 85% Recreation Large Industry Thermoelectric Power Generation Agriculture Municipal & Industrial Total of All Others Hydraulic Fracturing Snowmaking Coal, Natural Gas, Uranium & Solar Development FIGURE 2.4 Projected water usage by the oil and natural gas (O&G)
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From page 15... ...
Cooper then discussed ways to identify and maximize opportunities for potential uses of produced water. The Energy Water Initiative -- a collaboration within the oil and natural gas industry to study, describe, and improve produced water use and management in unconventional oil and natural gas exploration and production -- has worked together for over 4 years.
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From page 16... ...
Over the entire life cycle of water management, she said, the cost may be anywhere from $1.50 to $15 per barrel of water. Another participant brought forward the idea of groundwater banking and the case of alifornia, C which is presently using treated produced water to supplement groundwater supplies in some areas.
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From page 17... ...
Finally, the participant asked the panel to comment on a specific recommendation in the CCST and LBNLPI (2014) report, which suggested that the state work with industry to reduce the number of chemicals that are being used in hydraulic fracturing fluids.
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