Flowback and Produced Waters Opportunities and Challenges for Innovation: Proceedings of a Workshop (2017) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 1-4
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As a result, a portion of the injected water returns to the surface and this water is called "flowback water," which initially may mix with the naturally occurring produced water from the formation. The chemistry and volume of water returning to the surface from unconventional oil and gas operations thus changes during the lifetime of the well due to the amount of fluid used in the initial stage of well development, the amount of water naturally occurring in the geologic formation, the original water and rock chemistry, the type of hydrocarbon being produced, and the way production is conducted (Veil, 2015)
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Chapter 3 focuses on regional perspectives of using produced waters in an environmental and regulatory context. Chapter 4 covers technologies for managing flowback and produced 1 We note that, during the workshop, contributors variably employed the words "use," "reuse," and "recycle" with respect to potential applications of produced water but without necessarily defining specifically how they employed those terms.
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Life-cycle overview of produced and flowback water management and use in unconventional hydrocarbon development projects, including technologies for management and treatment; 2. Characterization of the quality and quantity of produced and flowback water; 3.
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