Communities in Action Pathways to Health Equity (2017) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix A: Native American Health: Historical and Legal Context
Appendix A: Native American Health: Historical and Legal Context
Pages 507-518
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From page 507... ...
. with the Indian tribes."1 While there is no single legal source of the federal government's trust obligation to Native American tribes, there is an extensive history of treaties, laws, and judicial decisions that collectively form the legal basis of this obligation.
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From page 508... ...
In addition, the Bureau of Indian Affairs implemented a boarding school system, which prohibited traditional Native American practices, including religion, medicine, language, and other traditional cultural expressions (e.g., dress, hairstyle, etc.) (Shelton, 2004)
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. This positive shift in power was short-lived, as it was followed by termination policies in the 1950s, which had enduring effects on Native American communities regarding mental health, identity, and social and family networks (Walls and Whitbeck, 2012)
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IHS is only required to provide federal health care services to federally recognized tribes. Individual eligibility for services is determined by a number of criteria, including, but not limited to, the requirement that the individual is of Native American descent, is regarded as a tribal member, has some legal evidence of tribal enrollment or certificate of origin, and resides on or near a federal reservation (IOM, 2003)
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From page 511... ...
A keen understanding of the root causes and determinants of health will help inform the most effective and just solutions to address health inequities among Native Americans. Income and Wealth Native Americans are one of the most economically impoverished populations in the United States.
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From page 512... ...
Native Americans saw declines in employment and income that were similar to other racial and ethnic groups; however, this population on average was in a more vulnerable financial condition than other groups at the beginning of the period. The unemployment rate for Native Americans spiked from 11 percent in 2008 to 18 percent in 2010 (Pettit et al., 2014)
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From page 513... ...
. Since the civil rights movement in the 1960s, there has been an emergence of grassroots educational institutions that seek to support tribal identity, address academic deficiencies, and resolve the lack of quality education experiences and sense of displacement among tribal students (Crazy Bull, 2015)
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From page 514... ...
. Public Safety Similar to the case for other racial and ethnic minority groups, Native Americans experience systematic differences in exposure to violence and
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. A 2014 report from the University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute on the Wisconsin juvenile justice system revealed that Native American youth were twice as likely to be arrested and almost twice as likely to be detained following arrest as white youth, with little change from 2006–2012 (Lecoanet et al., 2014)
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From page 516... ...
2014. Racial misclassification of American Indians and Alaska natives by Indian Health Service contract health service delivery area.
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2016. Violence against American Indian and Alaska native women and men: 2010 findings from the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey.
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