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Appendix B: Community-Level Indicators and Interactive Tools for Health Equity
Pages 519-538

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From page 519...
... Table B-2 describes interactive tools that communities can use to examine health equity indicators by geographic region as the foundation for communitybased solutions and to monitor progress over time.
From page 520...
... TABLE B-1  Examples of Indicators Relevant to Health Equity in Publicly Available Data Sources 520 HP2020a CoHb AHRc CHRd CHSIe NEAf VHOIg DDKh AARPi Demographics Age ● ● ● ● ● Race ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Ethnicity ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Immigrant status ● Social Determinants of Health Education Early childhood education ● ● Education levels and job requirements ● Grade school achievement ● High school graduation ● ● ● ● High school graduation 4 years after ● ● ● ● starting 9th grade Public school enrollment and racial/ethnic ● composition School poverty ● ● Years of schooling of adults ● Employment Annual unemployment rate ● ● ● ● ● ●
From page 521...
... HP2020a CoHb AHRc CHRd CHSIe NEAf VHOIg DDKh AARPi Social Determinants of Health Eligibility for Family Medical Leave Act ● Job quality ● Jobs per worker ● Underemployment rate ● Working poor ● Health Systems and Services Access to care ● Access to mental health services ● Access to stable health insurance ● ● ● ● Cost barrier to care ● Hospice use ● Primary care physicians ● ● Primary care provider rate ● ● Preventable hospitalizations ● ● Preventable hospitalizations: Older adults ● Public health funding ● Unmet care need 521 continued
From page 522...
... gains with ● racial equity Income disparity/inequality ● ● ● ● ● Income disparity ratio ● Income gains with racial equity ● Income growth ● Job and GDP growth ● Job and wage growth ● Median household income ● Median wage ● Minimum wage ●
From page 523...
... HP2020a CoHb AHRc CHRd CHSIe NEAf VHOIg DDKh AARPi Social Determinants of Health Per capita personal income ● Poverty ● ● ● Wages $15/hour ● Physical Environment Access to healthy food ● ● ● ● ● Access to jobs via auto ● Access to jobs via transit ● Access to libraries ● ● Access to parks ● ● Air pollution ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Children exposed to secondhand smoke ● Housing accessibility ● Housing burden ● Housing costs ● Housing options ● Housing stress ● Liquor-store density ● Living near highways ● 523 continued
From page 524...
... TABLE B-1 Continued 524 HP2020a CoHb AHRc CHRd CHSIe NEAf VHOIg DDKh AARPi Social Determinants of Health Neighborhood: Activity density ● Neighborhood: Mixed use ● Neighborhood: Poverty ● Neighborhood: Vacancy rate ● Population churning/turnover ● Population density ● Population growth rates ● Walkability ● Public Safety Crime rate ● Homicides ● Violent crime ● ● ● Youth safety ● Social Environment Disconnected youth ● Home language ● Inadequate social support ● ● Linguistic isolation ●
From page 525...
... HP2020a CoHb AHRc CHRd CHSIe NEAf VHOIg DDKh AARPi Social Determinants of Health Residential segregation ● Single-parent households ● ● Transportation Car/vehicle access ● ● Commute time ● Safe and convenient options ● Making Health Equity a Shared Vision and Value Community diversity/Diversity index ● ● Distances between communities with ● different racial or ethnic profiles Public school racial/ethnic composition ● Racial generation gap ● Increasing Community Capacity to Shape Outcomes Sense of community ● Social support ● 525 continued
From page 526...
... TABLE B-1 Continued 526 HP2020a CoHb AHRc CHRd CHSIe NEAf VHOIg DDKh AARPi Increasing Community Capacity to Shape Outcomes Volunteer engagement ● ● Voter participation ● ● Fostering Multi-Sector Collaboration Business support for workplace health ● promotion and culture of health Climate adaptation and mitigation ● Community relations and policing ● Health in all policies ● Local health department collaboration ● Opportunities to improve health for youth ● at schools Youth exposure to advertising for health ● and unhealthy food and beverage products Healthier More Equitable Communities in Which Members and Families Live, Learn, Work, and Play Caregiving Caregiving burden ●
From page 527...
... HP2020a CoHb AHRc CHRd CHSIe NEAf VHOIg DDKh AARPi Healthier More Equitable Communities in Which Members and Families Live, Learn, Work, and Play Consumer/Patient Satisfaction Consumer experience ● Patient–clinician communication satisfaction ● Costs Annual end-of-life care expenditures ● Family health care cost ● Potentially preventable hospitalization rates ● Social spending relative to health ● expenditure Health Status: Self-rated Poor physical health days ● ● Self-rated overall health status ● ● ● Unhealthy days ● Well-being rating ● 527 continued
From page 528...
... ● Birth rate ● Infant mortality ● ● ● Low birth weight ● ● Teen birth rates ● ● ● Total preterm live births ● ● ● Mental Health Depression: Adolescents ● Depression: Older adults ●
From page 529...
... HP2020a CoHb AHRc CHRd CHSIe NEAf VHOIg DDKh AARPi Healthier More Equitable Communities in Which Members and Families Live, Learn, Work, and Play Poor mental health days ● ● ● Suicides ● ● Morbidity Alzheimer's diseases/dementia ● Asthma ● ● Cancer Diabetes ● ● ● Diabetes: Adult ● Disability associated with chronic ● conditions Heart attack ● Heart disease ● High blood pressure ● High cholesterol ● 529 continued
From page 530...
... TABLE B-1 Continued 530 HP2020a CoHb AHRc CHRd CHSIe NEAf VHOIg DDKh AARPi Healthier More Equitable Communities in Which Members and Families Live, Learn, Work, and Play Infectious disease ● Stroke ● Mortality Deaths: All causes ● ● Deaths: Alzheimer's disease ● Deaths: Cancer ● ● Deaths: Cardiovascular disease ● Deaths: Chronic kidney disease ● Deaths: Chronic lower respiratory disease ● Deaths: Coronary heart disease ● Deaths: Diabetes ● Deaths: Premature ● ● Deaths: Stroke ● Life expectancy ● ●
From page 531...
... HP2020a CoHb AHRc CHRd CHSIe NEAf VHOIg DDKh AARPi Healthier More Equitable Communities in Which Members and Families Live, Learn, Work, and Play Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity Adult obesity ● ● ● Body mass index ● Child and adolescent obesity ● ● Fruit consumption ● Physical activity ● Physical inactivity ● ● Vegetable consumption ● ● Oral Health Annual dental visit ● ● Dental care ● ● Teeth extractions ● Reproductive and Sexual Health Adult female routine Pap test ● 531 continued
From page 532...
... TABLE B-1 Continued 532 HP2020a CoHb AHRc CHRd CHSIe NEAf VHOIg DDKh AARPi Healthier More Equitable Communities in Which Members and Families Live, Learn, Work, and Play Chlamydia screening ● ● Gonorrhea ● HIV ● Knowledge of serostatus among HIV- ● positive persons Sexually active females ages 15 to 44 years ● who received reproductive health services in the past 12 months Syphilis ● Sleep Insufficient sleep ● Substance Abuse Addiction death rate ● Adolescents using alcohol or any illicit ● drugs during the past 30 days Binge drinking ● ● ● ●
From page 533...
... . e Community Health Status Indicators, http://wwwn.cdc.gov/CommunityHealth/info/AboutProject (accessed December 22, 2016)
From page 534...
... , Morbidity (adult diabetes, adult obesity, adult overall health status, Alzheimer's disease/dementia, cancer, gonorrhea, HIV, older adult asthma, older adult depression, preterm births, syphilis) , Mortality (Alzheimer's disease deaths, cancer deaths, chronic kidney disease deaths, chronic lower respiratory disease deaths, coronary heart disease deaths, diabetes deaths, female life expectancy, male life expectancy, motor vehicle deaths, stroke deaths, unintentional injury, including motor vehicle)
From page 535...
... Health Equity Index Community-Specific Scores on Seven Social Determinants of Connecticut Health (civic involvement, community safety, economic security, education, employment, environmental quality, housing) and 13 Health Outcomes (accidents/violence, cancer, cardiovascular, childhood illness, diabetes, health care access, infectious disease, life expectancy, liver disease, mental health, perinatal care, renal disease, respiratory illness)
From page 536...
... . of single-family detached housing, block density, Employment Access Index, Employment Mix Index, Transit Connectivity Index, transit access shed, transit access shed jobs, average available transit trips per week; Household Characteristics (median household income, average commuters per household, average household size)
From page 537...
... ; Consumer virginia.gov/OMHHE/ Opportunity (affordability, education, food accessibility, policyanalysis/ material deprivation) ; Economic Opportunity (employment virginiahoi.htm accessibility, income inequality, job participation)


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