The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids The Current State of Evidence and Recommendations for Research (2017) / Chapter Skim
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11 Psychosocial
11 Psychosocial
Pages 267-288
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From page 267... ...
• A limited number of studies suggest that there are impair ments in cognitive domains of learning, memory, and atten tion in individuals who have stopped smoking cannabis. • Cannabis use during adolescence is related to impairments in subsequent academic achievement and education, employ ment and income, and social relationships and social roles.
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Furthermore, these are aspects of cognition that are often explored in other studies. In other words, evaluation of these aspects of cognition increases the potential to compare these findings to other studies, including the 10-year prospective examination of 10,000 youths across 21 sites (the ABCD study; Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study, 2016)
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, a search was conducted to identify systematic reviews of the existing published literature since the publication of Marijuana and Medicine: Assessing the Science Base, the last Institute of Medicine (IOM) report on marijuana (1999)
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Study (Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study, 2016)
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In these systematic reviews, "acute" generally reflects cognitive domains assessed within a short window (often within several hours) immediately after cannabis use.
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. Primary Literature In this review of cannabis, the primary literature was searched when the systematic review content did not fully cover or address study questions.
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. Primary Literature In this review of cannabis, the primary literature was searched when the systematic review content did not fully cover or address study questions.
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. Primary Literature In this review of cannabis, the primary literature was searched when the systematic review content did not fully cover or address study questions.
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11-1(b) here is limited evidence of a statistical association T between sustained abstinence from cannabis use and impairments in the cognitive domains of learning, memory, and attention.
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Primary Literature The primary literature published subsequent to Macleod et al.'s 2004 review continues to show that it is difficult to document a direct link between cannabis use and negative educational outcomes because other variables play a role. At best, indirect relationships have been reported.
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Adjustment for background factors and cigarette smoking reduced this association. The age at which cannabis use is initiated may be important in determining negative educational outcomes.
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. Typically, the primary literature cannot elucidate the mechanisms through which cannabis use may produce negative educational outcomes, although some have speculated that these outcomes may be related to cannabis's effects on the brain, including cognitive impairment.
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. CONCLUSION 11-2 There is limited evidence of a statisti cal association between cannabis use and impaired academic achievement and education outcomes.
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analyzed two waves of panel data from the nationally representative National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Initial analyses suggested a significant association between cannabis and employment status (implying poorer labor market outcomes; also see Fergusson and Boden, 2008)
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SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS AND OTHER SOCIAL ROLES Is There an Association Between Cannabis Use and Social Functioning and Social Roles? Systematic Reviews There was one systematic review that examined the effects of cannabis on social functioning as one of a number of outcomes in longitudinal studies of general population samples.
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Primary Literature The primary literature has shown that there is a statistical association between cannabis use and social functioning as manifested by negative relationships with others, but there are too few good-quality studies to provide conclusive evidence of causation. Palamar et al.
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. Discussion of Findings In the systematic review and primary literature, the findings indicate inconsistent relationships between cannabis use and social functioning.
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that included out comes related to academic achievement/education and social functioning/social roles. In the systematic reviews on cognition, it is important to note that the broad reporting standards for the field of behavioral, neuropsychological, and neuroim aging findings included limitations related to the failure to consistently describe the methods for scoring the evidence for each endpoint.
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Educational outcomes related to cannabis use tend to be confounded with the use of other substances, particularly tobacco/smoking cigarettes. The primary literature has shown that there is an association between cannabis use and social functioning as manifested by negative relationships with others, but there are too few good-quality studies to provide conclusive evidence.
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• Increased rates of unemployment and/or low income (11-3) • Impaired social functioning or engagement in developmentally appropriate social roles (11-4)
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2014. The effect of alcohol consumption on the adolescent brain: A systematic review of MRI and fMRI studies of alcohol-using youth.
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2014. Adverse psychosocial outcomes associated with drug use among U.S.
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