Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations (2017) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 9-17
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Council (NRC) released the report Toxicity Testing in the Similar efforts are being pursued in the field of exposure 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy,1 which envisioned science with the goals of obtaining more accurate and transforming toxicity testing from a system that relies complete exposure data on individuals and populations on animal assays to one that relies primarily on highfor thousands of chemicals over the lifespan; predicting throughput in vitro assays and computational methods exposures from use data and chemical-property informa- based on human biology.
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have co-funded the research initiative Safety fects (Rissman and Adli 2014) ; have pioneered the use Evaluation Ultimately Replacing Animal Testing (SEUR- of nontraditional animal models, including transgenic and AT 2015)
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, an infraformation technologies that can track sources, exposure structure designed to enable and expand incorporation of concentrations, and receptors; monitoring technologies environmental exposures into studies of children's health; that can collect data on personal exposure of millions it includes a data repository, support for statistical analyof people; highly sensitive analytical technologies that sis, and a network of laboratories to analyze biological can identify and measure biomarkers that are indicative samples. The NIEHS strategic plan emphasizes a comof internal exposures; and computational tools that can mitment to supporting research to define and explore the manage the large amounts of data generated.
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The committee uses linked events at various levels of biological organization exposure primarily in the present report but acknowledges starting from a molecular initiating event through to the that it often uses dose in conventional phrases, such as observable adverse outcome (OECD 2013; Berggren et dose–response relationship.
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Specifically, the committee will first consider the scientific advances that have occurred following the publication of the NRC reports Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy and Exposure Science in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy. Given the various ongoing lines of investigation and new data streams that have emerged, the committee will then propose how best to integrate and use the emerging results in evaluating chemical risk and identify how traditional human-health risk assessment can incorporate the new science.
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2. Chemical assessment -- Can include Integrated Risk Information System assessments, Provisional Peer Re viewed Toxicity Values, National Toxicology Program Office of Health Assessment and Translation hazard as sessments, and assessments of various regulated substances, such as pesticides, drugs, and food additives.
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2015. SEURAT: Safety Eval- characteristics using physiochemical properties and in vi uation Ultimately Replacing Animal Testing–Recommen- tro assays.
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2012. Advancing Science, Improving Health: A Plan SEURAT (Safety Evaluation Ultimately Replacing Animal for Environmental Health Research.
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Introduction 17 Wu, S., K Blackburn, J
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