Optimizing the Process for Establishing the Dietary Guidelines for Americans The Selection Process (2017) / Chapter Skim
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are mandated by Congress in the National Nutritional Monitoring and Related Research Act of 1990 to jointly review and author the guidelines through a multistep process to reflect "the preponderance of the scientific and medical knowledge which is current at the time the report is prepared." The process to create the guidelines is not simple, and it changes as the science evolves. The process begins with an assessment of relevant scientific data by a federal advisory committee selected and convened by USDA and HHS.
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The DGAC report serves as the scientific basis for the next edition of the DGA. When the 2015 DGAC released its report, some of the content received criticism from different stakeholders leading to questions about the advisory committee's composition and membership selection processes.
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This National Academies committee sought to ground its work in as much evidence as possible but found few objective measures to assess the effectiveness of a selection process. An exploratory search of other advisory committees' selection processes -- including those that are and are not governed by FACA -- identified a number of differing noteworthy models.
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One critical but early step that can be taken to ensure the DGA is reliable is to optimize the integrity of the selection process. This National Academies committee identified a set of values to enhance the integrity of the selection process: 1.
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A more transparent process to review candidates is needed, as the mandate from Congress indicates that some subsets of the public do not trust the DGA. Based on lessons learned from an evaluation of other advisory committees, this National Academies committee concludes that the initial screening of nominees should be separated from the appointment authority.
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ing both the theoretical knowledge and practical expertise in the assembly of impartial committees. Since the third party would not be making final selections, it would not necessarily need to be expert in nutrition or dietary guidance, just skilled in evaluating individuals' expertise and experience.
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Criteria against which nominees are screened should be developed by USDA and HHS for use by the third party. Membership Criteria and Composition Critical components in the selection process are the criteria against which they are evaluated and approaches to balancing the advisory committee's overall composition.
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Additional Public Comment Periods Prior DGACs were criticized primarily for their lack of balance and not necessarily the qualifications of specific individuals. The one formal opportunity for public input during the selection process was in response to a call for nominations.
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Some advisory committees invite the public to comment on all individuals nominated for the activity, while others request comments on a provisional panel before they are officially appointed. Considering the size of the candidate pool (150 to 200 candidates were considered in each of the past three cycles)
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These and other approaches are often used to mitigate the effect of activities deemed to be actual or perceived conflicts. A certification describing management plans put in place should be issued with the advisory committee's final report.
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ocumenting how conflicts of interest were managed in D the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee report. A CONTINUOUSLY LEARNING SELECTION PROCESS USDA and HHS will need to dynamically improve the DGAC selection process to drive toward positive change and contribute to enhanced trustworthiness of the DGA.
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