Optimizing the Process for Establishing the Dietary Guidelines for Americans The Selection Process (2017) / Chapter Skim
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3 Models for Composing an Advisory Committee
3 Models for Composing an Advisory Committee
Pages 37-64
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To contextualize the approach used to select members to the DGAC and to consider opportunities for improvement, this National Academies committee explored different membership selection processes across a variety of disciplines and organizations. The analysis contained 37
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Specific details were identified in the committees' charters, membership balance plans, websites, and Federal Register notices. This National Academies committee recognizes that processes are more
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HHS • National Coordinator for Health IT Healthcare Infection Control Practices HHS • Secretary, HHS Advisory Committee (HICPAC) • Director, CDC • Deputy Director, Office of Infectious Diseases, CDC • Director, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID)
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The DGAC includes only special government employees, which was found not to be an uncommon practice. However, the illustrative examples demonstrate that there is no single approach to composing an advisory committee, with respect to membership designation, and that some committees use a blend of special government employees, representatives, regular government employees, and ex officio members (see Table 3-2)
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As outlined in a 2015 Federal Register notice, nominations for the Chemical Safety Advisory Committee (CSAC) could be delivered by hand, sent by mail, or submitted through the Federal eRulemaking Portal (EPA, 2015b)
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42 TABLE 3-2 Membership Designations for Select Federal Advisory Committees Discretionary Nondiscretionary FDIC NAC DGAC ACAS CSAC ComE-IN HSINAC REOP AAC ABTSWH HICPAC HITPC NVAC Special X Xa X X X Xb X X Xa X government employee Representative X X X Xc X Regular X X X Xc government employee Ex officio Xd X Xc Xe Nonvoting Xf Xg Xh member(s)
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AAC = Arthritis Advisory Committee; ABTSWH = Advisory Board on Toxic Substances and Workers Health; ACAS = Advisory Committee on Agricultural Statistics; CSAC = Chemical Safety Advisory Committee; DGAC = Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee; FACA = Federal Advisory Committee Act; FDIC = Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation; FDIC-ComE-IN = FDIC Advisory Committee on Economic Inclusion; HICPAC = Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee; HITPC = Health Information Technology Policy Committee; HSINAC = Homeland Security Information Network Advisory Committee; NAC-REOP = National Advisory Committee on Racial, Ethnic, and Other Populations; NVAC = National Vaccine Advisory Committee. aThe charter includes language about inclusion of special government employees, but none of the members in the FACA database for this com mittee are currently or have historically been designated as such.
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44 TABLE 3-3 Materials Requested to Nominate an Individual to Serve on Select Federal Advisory Committees Discretionary Nondiscretionary NAC DGAC ACAS CSAC HSINAC REOP AAC ABTSWH HICPAC HITPCa NVAC PTAC Letter of nomination X X X X Letter(s) of recommendation Xb Xc Xd Statement from nominee X X Xb Xe X Nominator's contact information X X Nominee's contact information X X Xf X X Nominee's curriculum vitae Xg Xh X X X X X X X or résumé Nominee's short biography X Summary of nominee's Xi qualifications Membership background Xj information form Articles authored by nominee X Nominee's active Xb,k participation in organizations Nominee's familiarity with Xl the program Completed OGE Form 450m X Not specified X
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AAC = Arthritis Advisory Committee; ABTSWH = Advisory Board on Toxic Substances and Workers Health; ACAS = Advisory Committee on Agricultural Statistics; CSAC = Chemical Safety Advisory Committee; DGAC = Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee; FDA = U.S. Food and Drug Administration; FDIC = Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation; HICPAC; Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee; HITPC = Health Information Technology Policy Committee; HSINAC = Homeland Security Information Network Advisory Committee; NACREOP = National Advisory Committee on Racial, Ethnic, and Other Populations; NVAC = National Vaccine Advisory Committee; OGE = Office of Government Ethics; PTAC = Physician-Focused Payment Model Technical Advisory Committee.
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The director of the National Vaccine Program is required to consult with the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) to determine if the candidates are qualified based on the criteria outlined in the Federal Register notice.
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or OGE Form 278 (Public Financial Disclosure Report) , in order for the agency to assess the potential for personal and imputed financial conflicts of interest.4 Appointees designated as special government employees typically complete OGE Form 450.
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48 TABLE 3-4 Initial Screening of Nominees for Select Federal Advisory Committees Discretionary Nondiscretionary DGAC CSAC NAC-REOP AAC HICPAC NVAC Process P • rogram staff P D • ool of nominees • esignated D • esignated federal D • esignated N • ominees are at HHS and is reviewed to federal officer, officers and office/ federal officer reviewed by USDAa review determine the committee division directors develops a senior-level nominees for their need for additional liaison officer, are responsible for candidate list management scientific expertise outreach and internal reviewing nominees and program and leadership team draft a for competence and staff and sent potential and N • ominees are list of "best- suitability, including to the National create a primary screened for qualified"b assessing alignment Academy of and alternate slate financial conflicts candidates of background Sciencesc of candidates of interest and education, and appearance of lack experience with T • he National of impartiality the function of the Academy advisory committee; of Sciences D • esignated federal scientific and reviews officer drafts list technical expertise; nominees' of candidates and and leadership qualifications alternates qualities and selects qualified candidatesd
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Department of Health and Human Services; HICPAC; Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee; HITPC = Health Information Technology Policy Committee; NAC-REOP = National Advisory Committee on Racial, Ethnic, and Other Populations; NVAC = National Vaccine Advisory Committee; USDA = U.S. Department of Agriculture.
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TABLE 3-5 Process Used to Vet Candidates for Select Federal Advisory Committees 50 Discretionary Nondiscretionary DGAC ACAS CSAC NAC-REOPe AAC ABTSWH HICPAC NVAC H C • HS Assistant • andidates' S • GE A • n internal C T • andidate's • he names C • andidates C • andidates' Secretary names and candidates vet through curriculum and are contacted information for Health information are researched the sponsoring vitae, affiliations for interest is forwarded and USDA are submitted to determine agency conflict- of potential and to the Undersecretary to the USDA whether A • Lexis-Nexis of-interest members are availability department of FNCS and White House they are a check form, published in and are committee REE review liaison's federally A • n ethics publication the Federal reviewed by management and approve office for registered checkf list, and Register and the director office for the the proposed vetting, lobbyist V • erification committee feedback of the necessary slatea which N • ominees the candidate affiliations from NCEZID reviewh R • eviewed includes a are screened is not a are interested C • andidate by the office background for financial registered reviewedg parties is list is then responsible checkc conflicts of foreign agent sought submitted for committee interest and or a registered to the management appearance lobbyist Management S • enior-level of lack of S • ecurity Analysis officials impartialityd clearance or Services review assurance Office (CDC) candidates' paperwork and the qualificationsb F • inancial Office of disclosure the Director (OGE Form (CDC)
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Department of Health and Human Services; HICPAC = Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee; NAC-REOP = National Advisory Committee on Racial, Ethnic, and Other Populations; NCEZID = National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (CDC) ; NVAC = National Vaccine Advisory Committee; OGE = Office of Government Ethics; REE = Research, Education, and Economics; SGE = special government employee; USDA = U.S.
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One example for capturing nonfinancial conflicts was identified. EPA has adapted the standard confidential financial disclosure form for special government employees and added Section 6, which includes supplemental ethics questions for the potential committee member to complete (EPA, 2016)
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Special government employees, unlike regular government employees, are not asked to declare gifts and travel reimbursements. Financial information is declared and collected in the following reporting categories, includ ing examples of each: • Assets and income, such as salary, stocks, bonds, trust holdings, real estate, honoraria greater than $200 • Liabilities (debts)
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This National Academies committee's review of the published literature sug gests a range of different types of nonfinancial conflicts of interest exists (AHRQ, 2015; Boyd and Bero, 2006; Boyd et al., 2012; Guyatt et al., 2010; NHMRC, 2012) , including • Intellectual, such as entrenched opinions, passions, public statements relating to potential recommendations • Organizational or institutional affiliations, such as testimony, speeches, participation in advocacy or interest groups • Advisory roles, such as scientific or technical advisory boards or committees • Academic or professional commitments, such as leadership roles, fellowships • Academic or professional advancement, such as recognition, promotion • Research and/or publications, such as grants received, authorship of research and/or publications directly related to the subject • Individual beliefs and values, such as political, ideological, religious, cultural Across the published reports, no differences were observed in the reporting period for financial versus nonfinancial conflicts of interest; however, in the case of nonfinancial conflicts, such as intellectual bias or individual beliefs that can be longstanding, timing may not be relevant.
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This National Academies committee explored the processes of organizations whose recommendations, guidelines, and policies have national or international implications. Many convening entities that do not operate under FACA publish documentation of their processes by posting procedure manuals online or publishing the information as jour 7Federal Advisory Committee Act Amendments of 1997, § 15(b)
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This appraisal, therefore, is not intended to be exhaustive. The procedures to select non-FACA committee members largely differed from federal advisory committees with respect to documenting how financial and nonfinancial conflicts of interest are identified and managed.
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. World Health Organization Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety The Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety is a standing committee that advises the World Health Organization (WHO)
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.8 The NHMRC's process for vetting candidates includes (1) identifying and disclosing potential conflicts of interest, including financial, intellectual, and organizational; (2)
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Many professional organizations follow generally similar processes, including not hosting a public comment session and requiring committee members to be a member of the host organization. This National Academies committee identified one example notable for its unique process: the development of the ninth edition of antithrombotic guidelines, convened by the American College of Chest Physicians.
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2012. Census Bureau National Advisory Committee on Racial, Ethnic, and Other Populations membership balance plan.
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2016. Confidential financial disclosure form for Environmental Protection Agency special government employees (EPA form 3110-48)
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Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC)
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2000. Summary of ethical requirements applicable to special government employees.
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