Exploring the Development of a U.S. Department of Labor Research Strategy on Child Labor and Forced Labor in International Settings Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief (2016) / Chapter Skim
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Exploring the Development of a U.S. Department of Labor Research Strategy on Child Labor and Forced Labor in International Settings: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
Exploring the Development of a U.S. Department of Labor Research Strategy on Child Labor and Forced Labor in International Settings: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
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In practice, hazardous child labor includes work in dangerous or unhealthy conditions that could result in a child being killed, injured, or made ill as a consequence of poor safety and health standards and working arrangements. Meanwhile, ILO Convention 29 defines forced labor as "all work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which said person has not offered himself voluntarily" (ILO, 1930)
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2 Except for conditional cash transfers, a type of social protection program, wherein monetary incentives are provided to families to keep their children in school, for which there is abundant data. 3 For this workshop, Stoklosa produced a background paper that explored the academic and grey literature on the descriptive, relational, and causal research types identified by OCFT across both child labor and forced labor.
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Definitional issues: Examples of gaps identified by individual participants included defining hazards and hazardous child labor, defining household chores within the context of child labor, and defining forced child labor among others; (3) Subpopulations, prevalence, and estimates: Examples of gaps identified by individual participants included accessing and sampling vulnerable or hard-to-reach groups such as Syrian refugees, child soldiers, and individuals in castebased societies, and sector-based and supply chain prevalence estimates in both forced labor and child labor among others; (4)
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Rachel Rigsby of OCFT reported back on the topic of supply chains, presenting such key questions as: how do we provide better, more actionable, evidence-based information to industries and companies that want to eliminate child labor and forced labor in their supply chains; how can we better perform research around incentives, meaning how can we better motivate industries to action in their supply chain? Some participants noted that this could include better tracing of products made using child labor or forced labor so this information can be made public with the hope of developing pressure for change.
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Laura Bermudez of Columbia University asked about the influence of micro-insurance on child labor and forced labor. In discussing business structures and organizations and their influence on the risk and protective factors associated with child labor and forced labor, Bermudez asked how might the modernization of equipment affect or influence risk and protective factors related to child labor and forced labor.
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Research questions and intervention approaches within the health pathway included the idea of integrating approaches for the study and/or reduction of child labor and forced labor into existing research platforms. For instance, Graczyk suggested that questions regarding hazardous exposures, resulting health effects, and the general health and well-being of children be integrated into existing national child labor surveys, while Faulkner suggested that studies focused on mental health and its relationship to child labor and forced labor could be integrated into existing mental health platforms and interventions.
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In addition to data sharing across fields and sectors, Parker pushed for more collaboration across research disciplines and sectors, citing that schools of public health could be tremendous partners, as could government agencies and NGOs working within these sectors. On a related note, Klett suggested that business schools could be strong partners in research related to supply chains, business and organizational structures, and understanding market forces that drive employers to use child labor and forced labor.
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Department of Labor research strategy on child labor and forced labor in international settings: Proceedings of a workshop -- in brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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