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4 How Do Earth Systems Interact with Eruptions?
Pages 69-78

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From page 69...
... . After explosive activity ends, secondary hazards RESPOND TO VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS?
From page 70...
... est eruptions is unlikely to change climate significantly Less apparent are the effects of reawakening magmatic (Self et al., 2014) , although methane and CO2 release systems on subsurface processes, particularly hydro- from igneous intrusions in carbon-rich sediment can thermal systems important for generation of energy greatly increase gas emissions (e.g., Aarnes et al., 2010; and, over longer time spans, formation of ore deposits.
From page 71...
... , the overall temperature decrease The best documented global climate impact of was 0.7°C. This temperature decrease is similar to large explosive eruptions is cooling, typically followed those estimated for other sulfur-rich eruptions, such by winter warming of Northern Hemisphere conti- as Krakatau (1883)
From page 72...
... . perature anomaly caused by the Pinatubo eruption had could counteract the cooling effect of sulfate aerosols already decreased to –0.1°C (McCormick et al., 1995)
From page 73...
... Reconstructing the volcanic volatile inventory for explosive eruptions required for carbon emission record through geologic time and asa full chemistry simulation of volcanic plumes is still a sessing the potential for large releases of reduced carbon major challenge. from organic sediments is challenging and requires
From page 74...
... Finally, some secondary volcanic hazards are • Exploit high-resolution geochronology generated in the ocean. Tsunamis can be gener- and environmental impacts preserved in ice ated directly by explosive submarine eruptions (e.g., cores and marine and lacustrine sediment to Fiske et al., 1998)
From page 75...
... Each point On a global scale, volcanism and large earthquakes represents a volcano pair separated by the distance shown on are strongly spatially correlated. Most of Earth's explo the y-axis; the volume of magma erupted or intruded is shown sive volcanoes are adjacent to subduction zones, which on the x-axis.
From page 76...
... . The effectively instantaneous on geologic time scales, the ability to predict and explain volcano responses to lag times probably reflect the variable depth of magma earthquakes and other volcanoes would be a significant supply and the transit time through the crust.
From page 77...
... . Key Questions Melting of ice leads to rising sea levels, but the volcanic response to sea-level change may promote • When and why do volcanoes interact or suppress eruptions depending on volcano type and with each other and respond to tectonics?


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