Guide for Conducting Benefit-Cost Analyses of Multimodal, Multijurisdictional Freight Corridor Investments (2017) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 76-84
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From page 76... ...
76 S t e p 7 7.1 Goal The goal of this step is to quantify negative externalities associated with projects, including safety-related externality measures and environmental emissions, and conduct a valuation of these externalities. These are unintended consequences that are unpriced or those that occur from usage but are not paid for.
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Analyze public externalities and Information Needs (Safety and the environment) 77 7.2 Tasks Quantify Externalities The two main categories for externalities in a BCA are safety and the environment.
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From page 78... ...
78 Guide for Conducting Benefit-Cost Analyses of Multimodal, Multijurisdictional Freight Corridor Investments Environment Other negative externalities associated with freight investments are emissions and the environment, health-related impacts, and climate change effects. In the United States, a complete environmental effects screening is conducted as part of environmental assessments for federal projects.
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From page 79... ...
Analyze public externalities and Information Needs (Safety and the environment) 79 The most recent emission factors are as follows: • For locomotives: for large line-haul and other categories and Tier 4 locomotives for power consumption, EPA in 2009 forecast (57)
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From page 80... ...
80 Guide for Conducting Benefit-Cost Analyses of Multimodal, Multijurisdictional Freight Corridor Investments recommends using the percent of persons highly annoyed for urban areas. For rural or otherwise naturally very quiet areas, it suggests thresholds of 40 db.
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Analyze public externalities and Information Needs (Safety and the environment) 81 BenMAP, which relies on willingness to pay and cost of illness methods to determine the economic value of illness.
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From page 82... ...
82 Guide for Conducting Benefit-Cost Analyses of Multimodal, Multijurisdictional Freight Corridor Investments This approach is similar to the FAA's benefit transfer approach, which is essentially applying values from a meta-analysis of empirical studies. Futch (65)
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From page 83... ...
Analyze public externalities and Information Needs (Safety and the environment) 83 considered as part of a feasibility BCA.
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From page 84... ...
84 Guide for Conducting Benefit-Cost Analyses of Multimodal, Multijurisdictional Freight Corridor Investments • When relying on damage cost methods, ensure they are appropriate for the context and clearly present the methods used. • If the build alternative has specific mitigating measures or technology considered to internalize external costs, using an activity measure specifically linked to that technology is good practice for demonstrating the community benefits.
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