The Fourth Industrial Revolution Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief (2017) / Chapter Skim
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The Fourth Industrial Revolution: Proceedings of a Workshopin Brief
The Fourth Industrial Revolution: Proceedings of a Workshopin Brief
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In explaining why the Forum labeled this era of change the Fourth Industrial Revolution, Philbeck provided an overview of the technological and social advances brought by previous industrial revolutions. The first revolution was powered by steam and led to the spinning jenny and the railroad.
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Whitefoot explained that the committee decided that manufacturing could not be comprehensively studied without considering the full value chain -- including R&D, design, and software and services provided throughout a product's lifetime. The report describes how manufacturing value chains are being transformed by technologies such as additive manufacturing, collaborative robotics, and digital platforms.
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For example, PowerAmerica, headquartered at North Carolina State University in Raleigh, focuses on developing cost-competitive, wide bandgap semiconductors for power electronics, which use materials that operate at higher temperatures and voltages to replace silicon to halve power losses. Another, the Clean Energy Smart Manufacturing Institute, aims to enable the adoption of smart manufacturing technologies, including advanced sensors, controls, platforms, and modeling tools, to improve energy productivity by 50 percent, to reduce installation costs for smart manufacturing hardware and software by 50 percent, and to achieve an overall 15 percent improvement in energy efficiency at a systems level.
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"Connecting people is presumably 10-15 percent of the economy, and connecting machines makes up much of the rest. So the coming phase of the Fourth Industrial Revolution can potentially have a much larger economic impact than the internet revolution has so far." Regarding machine to machine interaction, Gorinevsky explained, "There is not just one level of analytics application, but rather an analytics stack," (see Figure 2)
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Some of the operations planning and control projects include intelligent maintenance, cybersecurity, industrial wireless, the "digital thread" for smart manufacturing, and system analysis integration. Other NIST lab work focuses on measurement science for additive manufacturing, and on the performance of robotic technologies for advanced manufacturing.
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Data analytics information is fed back into the digital model effecting changes to the product, which then prompt changes to the process." The final presentation of the panel was given by Paul Davies of Boeing, who specializes in visualization and augmented reality in manufacturing. Augmented reality (AR)
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It might be an actual physical space or it might be a virtual workplace in which we are all interacting wirelessly from remote locations." For Cook, first understanding human-technology interactions -- how we influence technology and how that technology influences us -- is a key enabling component of the optimized workplace of the future. Second, it is critical to create systems that are tailored, optimized, and continuously adapted for humans.
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This type of collaboration is in the research phase right now, but it will be key to realizing the full potential of these technologies." He closed by speaking about technology transfer and stressed that this technology requires innovators and technologists working in tandem with technology transfer experts, so that they really understand the requirements of the operating environment. Elizabeth Baron of Ford Motor Company, the final presenter, discussed Ford's Immersive Vehicle Environment (FiVE)
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