Global Health and the Future Role of the United States (2017) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 9-22
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From page 9... ...
Growing forces for globalization have increased the interconnectedness of the world and the interdependency among countries, economies, and cultures. Monumental growth in international travel and trade has brought improved access to goods and services for many, but such growth carries with it an ongoing and ever-present global threat of zoonotic spillover and infectious disease outbreaks, including in recent years avian influenza, Ebola, Zika, and chikungunya.
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From page 10... ...
diseases and current infrastructure lacks a focus on integrated care, a properly trained workforce, and effective population-level policies -- elements that can significantly improve these serious health burdens. Over the last few decades, the United States has significantly contributed to global health successes in key priority areas, such as HIV/AIDS, malaria, research and development for health security threats, and saving the lives of mothers and children, as illustrated in Table 1-1.
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From page 11... ...
While the world's attention is easily captured by infectious disease events like Ebola or Zika, it is also important to address the burdens of chronic diseases plaguing populations and adversely affecting their economic growth. Identifying cross-cutting solutions to address all facets of health is necessary for sustainable progress.
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From page 12... ...
Since then, however, the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response established the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) through the 2006 Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act,2 which incentivizes the private sector to collaborate, develop, and ensure surge capacity for drug and vaccine manufacturing through cost-sharing mechanisms and partnerships with the U.S.
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From page 13... ...
STUDY CHARGE, APPROACH, AND SCOPE In follow-up to the 1997 and 2009 IOM reports on global health priorities, a broad array of stakeholders sponsored the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to conduct a similar consensus study to review changes in the global health landscape over the last 10 years and assess future priorities. In addition, this expert committee was tasked with making recommendations on how to improve responsiveness, coordination, and efficiency within the U.S.
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From page 14... ...
The committee will then assess the current global health landscape and how it has evolved over the last 8 years. After reviewing these issues, the committee will offer conclusions and recommendations to guide the new administration, as well as other funders and global health actors, in set ting future priorities and mobilizing resources.
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From page 15... ...
, microbes, food, and pharmaceuticals, increasing America's interdependency with other countries; • aspects of globalization that increase the opportunities and challenges associated with greater global engagement in medical research and development; • 2015 culmination of the timeframe for the Millennium Development the Goals and the initiation of the era of the Sustainable Development Goals; • commitment to an AIDS-free generation; the • commitment to quality universal health care; the • increasing privatization of health care delivery in many parts of the the world; • achieved and likely advances in technology and health systems design that could improve the potential for disease prevention, recognition, re sponse, and eradication; technological advances that could raise the potential for naturally occurring and man-made biological agents to ac cidently or intentionally spread beyond national borders; • growing frequency of global infectious disease epidemics affecting the health and family welfare, trade, migration, and security; • growing global epidemic of antimicrobial drug resistance and the lack the of a commensurate response; • increasing relative importance of injury and chronic noncommunicable the diseases (e.g., heart disease, diabetes, mental illness) in the developing world; and • unfinished and neglected tropical disease agenda.
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From page 16... ...
Have you worked on any main presidential initiatives for global health in the last 4-8 years (e.g., PEPFAR, President's Malaria Initiative, Ending Preventable Child and Maternal Deaths, Global Health Security Agenda, Feed the Future, or others)
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From page 17... ...
areas in which the United States has existing investments and deep expertise, (2) areas that are identified as high priority by current e fforts such as the Sustainable Development Goals and the Global Burden of Disease Study, (3)
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From page 18... ...
Chapter 2 explains prior global health investment and the current spending while also discussing important changes in the global landscape to provide context for later chapters. The first main section of the report, "Securing Against Global Threats," includes Chapters 3 and 4, and focuses on the broad issues of global health security to the United States and the global community.
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From page 19... ...
The second section, "Enhancing Productivity and c Economic Growth," includes Chapters 5 and 6, and explores the justification and methods for building capacity in countries of all income levels to create strong and stable countries. While many arguments can be made that addressing infectious diseases would also have an impact on productivity and economic growth of countries, they often receive disproportionate attention.
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From page 20... ...
2016. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2015: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.
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From page 21... ...
2016. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.
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