The Promise of Assistive Technology to Enhance Activity and Work Participation (2017) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 1-8
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provides disability benefits through the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program and the Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
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Government Accountability Office (GAO) recommended that SSA "conduct limited and focused studies on the availability and effects of considering more fully assistive devices and workplace accommodations in its disability determinations." GAO concluded that "without such efforts to study how certain assistive devices and accommodations are playing a role in helping individuals with impairments stay at work or return to work, and their costs in comparison to potentially providing years of disability benefit payments, SSA may be missing an opportunity to assist individuals with disabilities to reengage in the workforce." Accordingly, SSA asked the Health and Medicine Division of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee of relevant experts to provide an analysis of selected assistive products and technologies, including wheeled and seated mobility devices (WSMDs)
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To - What are typical training and adaptation times? • To the degree possible, the committee will address - hat information exists on access to and availability of the selected W assistive products and technologies in the current health care and rehabilitation environment, including access to appropriate evaluation and training by qualified personnel?
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In some cases, however, environmental and personal factors create barriers to employment despite the impairmentmitigating effects of these products and technologies. In addition, maximal user performance requires that individuals receive the appropriate devices for their needs, proper fitting of and training in the use of the devices, and appropriate follow-up care.
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In some cases, there also exists a shortage or geographic imbalance of qualified providers and clinics with the knowledge, skill, and expertise to properly evaluate, fit, and train people in the use of assistive products and technologies. In addition, socioeconomic status and education levels may affect access to coverage for assistive products and technologies and related services.
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Socioeconomic status, education level, and a variety of personal factors -- including ethnic, cultural, and language barriers -- may affect access to assistive products and technologies and related services even when they are covered. The committee therefore drew the following conclusion: 5.
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Based on its review of selected monetary disability benefit programs and funding sources for assistive products and technologies, the committee drew the following conclusion: 7. Some coverage and disability benefit models, such as those of the Veterans Health Administration, state vocational reha bilitation agencies, some private disability insurance carriers, and a few private health insurers, are more holistic than oth ers, providing access to a greater range of assistive products and technologies and related services that can be appropriate to meeting individuals' needs and facilitating their ability to work.
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At this time, it is difficult to quantify the impact of assistive products and technologies and related services on impairment mitigation and employability because of contextual/environmental, societal, and personal factors that affect device use and job function; the lack of data on occupational success; and unequal access to relevant products and technologies and training. The committee recognizes that limited or lack of evidence about the impact of assistive products and technologies and related rehabilitative services on activity and participation may affect decisions by funding sources about which devices and services to cover.
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