Revisiting Brucellosis in the Greater Yellowstone Area (2020) / Chapter Skim
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7 Management Options
7 Management Options
Pages 110-127
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From page 110... ...
2.1 Adjusting Governmental Fixed Rate and Placement Date Approaches Public efforts could be better aligned to encourage certain outcomes. One option would be to compensate cattle producers whose herds become infected in direct proportion to their risk mitigation efforts.
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From page 111... ...
(See Box 7-1 for an example of land managers using a risk assessment to reduce contact between Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep and domestic sheep.) Federal land management agencies could stipulate risk reduction "best management practices" in exchange for the privilege of using public land grazing allotments.
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From page 112... ...
SOURCE: Clifford et al., 2009. Supplemental feedgrounds have exacerbated brucellosis in elk and bison, facilitated the spread of brucellosis across the GYA, and increased the risk for the introduction of other diseases (such as chronic wasting disease [CWD]
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From page 113... ...
At the time of the 1998 NRC report, brucellosis was limited to bison and the Wyoming supplemental feedgrounds, and therefore a recommended phase-out of the feedgrounds appeared to be a means toward wide-scale disease reduction in elk. This is no longer the case as elk populations distant from both bison and elk appear to maintain the infection, and management actions on feedgrounds are unlikely to have ramifications for distant elk populations (e.g., Montana elk, as well as the Cody and Clarks Fork regions of Wyoming)
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From page 114... ...
lands and a large portion of the GYA, while hunting on private lands is managed by their owners. Hunting could be used to reduce disease transmission risk by reducing elk populations in areas where prevalence of brucellosis is relatively high, where incidence of infection appears to be increasing, and where there is greater risk of contact with cattle.
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From page 115... ...
Bison that are not part of YNP herds are hunted on public and private lands in Montana and Wyoming. State game and fish departments derive a significant portion of income from hunting, with elk hunting revenue being one of the largest single sources of revenue for the game and fish departments in Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming (Heffelfinger, 2013)
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From page 116... ...
The Cody herd BMAP provides management actions to redistribute elk and reduce negative impacts of land ownership on elk distributions and hunter access (WGFD, 2012)
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From page 117... ...
Biosecurity measures within the GYA are focused on external biosecurity, specifically the separation of cattle from elk and bison. Examples of practices recommended by state and local agencies include fencing of haystacks, testing cattle prior to adding them to the herd, and not moving breeding stock to risky summer range until after mid-June.
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From page 118... ...
State animal health agencies are responsible for designating the boundaries of their DSA and describing their rationale via a Brucellosis Management Plan (BMP) that is subsequently approved by USDA.
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From page 119... ...
. In several cases with both privately and publicly owned bison herds, a testing and removal strategy has been used in combination with other management actions to eliminate brucellosis.
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From page 120... ...
A bison quarantine pilot project was initiated in 2005 to determine whether it was feasible to qualify animals originating from the YNP bison herd as free from brucellosis. This project used the concept of separating seronegative, young animals so as to minimize exposure, with testing and removal.
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From page 121... ...
abortus strain 19 (S19) vaccine by oral vaccination proved to be equally as effective as subcutaneous vaccination in protecting pregnant heifers from Brucella-induced abortion (Nicoletti and Milward, 1983; Nicoletti, 1984)
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From page 122... ...
By decreasing reproduction, it could also be seen as decreasing future hunter harvest and potentially jeopardizing their acceptance. The management of elk inside national parks is under the jurisdiction of the NPS and outside national parks is under the authority of state wildlife management agencies.
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2009a. Oral vaccination with microencapsuled strain 19 vaccine confers enhanced protection against Brucella abortus strain 2308 challenge in red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus)
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2014. Transmission of chronic wasting disease in Wisconsin white-tailed deer: Implications for disease spread and management.
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2006. Infectious prions in the saliva and blood of deer with chronic wasting disease.
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2011. Jackson Elk Herd Unit Brucellosis Management Action Plan Update.
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From page 127... ...
1980. Chronic wasting disease of captive mule deer -- spongiform encephalopathy.
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