Revisiting Brucellosis in the Greater Yellowstone Area (2020) / Chapter Skim
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3 Ecology and Epidemiology of Brucella abortusin the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
3 Ecology and Epidemiology of Brucella abortusin the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
Pages 48-64
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From page 48... ...
Between 2002 and 2016, a total of 22 cattle herds and 5 privately owned bison herds were infected (see Figure 3-1 and Table 3-1)
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From page 49... ...
Pre-interstate shipment test at a livestock Depopulated CA, CO, ID, IL, KS, MN, MO, auction market. Cow had aborted twice prior MT , NE, SD, T X, WI, WY to sale May 2008 Beef cattle 28 Park Herd tested as part of MT effort to develop Depopulated HI, ID, MN, MT, ND, SD, WA, risk mitigation herd plans near Yellowstone WY National Park Nov 2010 Bison 3,250 Gallatin DSA herd management plan test T est and remove CO, ID, KS, MT , NE, SD, TX, WY Sep 2011 Beef cattle 275 Park DSA related movement test T est and remove ID, MN, MT , NE, SD, UT , WA Nov 2011 Bison 1,550 Madison T race herd test due to epidemiological link T est and remove Unavailable to the 2010 bison herd Sep 2013 Beef cattle 1,500 Madison DSA related pre-slaughter test of a T est and remove CA, CO, IA, KS, MN, MT, NE, SD 2-year-old female Oct 2013 Beef cattle 700 Park Brucellosis certified annual herd test T est and remove CA, MN, MT , NE, SD, T X Oct 2014 Beef cattle 650 Park/Carbon DSA related movement test T est and remove Pending Nov 2014 Beef cattle 2,340 Madison DSA related movement test T est and remove Pending Nov 2016 Bison 178 Beaverhead Voluntary DSA herd test T est and remove GA, SD WY Nov 2003 Beef cattle 400 Sublette Slaughter surveillance Depopulated Unavailable Jan 2004 Beef feedlot 800 Washakie T race herd test due to epidemiologic link Depopulated Unavailable with the 2003 Sublette County herd Jun 2004 Beef cattle 600 T eton Interstate movement test Depopulated CO, ID, KS, MT , NE, SD, TX, WY Nov 2004 Beef cattle 800 T eton T race herd test, contact with June 2004 Depopulated Unavailable T eton County herd continued 49
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From page 50... ...
TABLE 3-1 Continued 50 State Month Year Herd T ype Herd Size County Method of Detection Disposition T race Out States Jun 2008 Beef cattle 800 Sublette First-point test at a WY livestock auction Depopulated CA, CO, ID, KS, MN, MT , NE, market SD, WY Oct 2010 Beef cattle 500 Park DSA related change of ownership testing at a T est and remove MT , WY WY livestock auction market Nov 2010 Bison 1,067 Park DSA related pre-sale movement testing of T est and remove CO, MT , NV, WY yearling heifers Feb 2011 Beef cattle 500 Park DSA related movement test at a MT livestock T est and remove MT auction market, 5-year-old cull cow Jul/Sep 2011 Beef cattle 500 Park DSA related on-farm, pre-sale test of T est and remove Unavailable 13-month-old heifers Oct 2015 Beef cattle 515 Park DSA herd plan test T est and remove Unavailable Nov 2015 Beef cattle 717 Sublette DSA herd plan test T est and remove CO, WY
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From page 51... ...
Wyoming lost Class Free status in 2004, and the Governor of Wyoming appointed a Wyoming Brucellosis Coordination Team to develop a Brucellosis Management Plan. The state regained Class Free status in 2006 and subsequently identified 6 cattle herds and 1 privately owned bison herd as infected with B
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From page 52... ...
. Data collected after the 1998 NRC report, however, cast this earlier conclusion into doubt, because elk seroprevalence in some management units is now comparable to areas with supplemental feedgrounds (see Figure 3-3)
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From page 53... ...
. The designated surveillance area is represented by the red line while the polygons show elk management units.
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From page 54... ...
Thus, disease transmission in this system may be driven by an interaction between host density and the timing of disease transmission. Sample testing data from 1993-2009 are aggregated over time for both on and off of supplemental feedgrounds in order to have sufficient sample sizes to make comparisons across regions (Scurlock and Edwards, 2010)
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From page 55... ...
FIGURE 3-7 Elk seroprevalence in the South Wind River (left plot) and West Green River (right plot)
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From page 56... ...
3. EFFECTS OF POPULATION SIZE AND AGGREGATION ON BISON AND ELK TRANSMISSION To understand the dynamics of infectious diseases and to implement control strategies for effectively addressing brucellosis, it will be important to understand the relationship between host density and parasite transmission (Anderson and May, 1991; McCallum et al., 2001)
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From page 57... ...
In social species like elk and bison, management approaches that alter group size distributions may be more effective at reducing disease transmission than lowering overall population densities. FIGURE 3-9 Elk seroprevalence over time for management units in Idaho where the seroprevalence may be increasing (Districts 61, 62, and 67)
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From page 58... ...
Cross and colleagues investigated the relationship between the rate of increase in elk seroprevalence and elk density at the broad herd unit scale (2010a) as well as the finer hunt area scale (2010b)
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From page 59... ...
Due to many of these challenges, it is likely that the effects of host density on brucellosis transmission will tend to be underestimated. At a more local scale, measuring contact rates in free-ranging wildlife populations has traditionally been difficult.
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From page 60... ...
Thus, there is no current evidence to suggest that predators are selective for brucellosis-infected elk or bison. Wolves may affect brucellosis transmission by altering population size, distribution, or aggregation patterns (see Chapter 2)
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From page 61... ...
is roughly equivalent to the seroprevalence in some non-fed elk populations despite the more intense aggregations on the feedgrounds. Despite the potential positive role coyotes might have on scavenging to reduce brucellosis transmission, coyotes are removed by the U.S.
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From page 62... ...
2015. Estimating the phenology of elk brucellosis transmission with hierarchical models of cause-specific and baseline hazards.
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From page 63... ...
2015. State-space modeling to support management of brucellosis in the Yellowstone bison population.
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From page 64... ...
2015. Effects of elk density on elk aggregation patterns and exposure to brucellosis.
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