A New Vision for Center-Based Engineering Research (2017) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 11-19
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From page 11... ...
With the materials research laboratories in the early 1970s,3 the industry/university cooperative research centers in the early 1980s, the ERCs in the mid-1980s, and the science and technology centers in the late 1980s, NSF has explored a number of center-based research models. One common goal of all of these efforts has been to conduct fundamental research to enhance U.S.
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From page 12... ...
required the lead university to engage with multiple partner universities, including a minority-serving university, to develop strategic plans to increase diversity (women, underrepresented minorities, disabled) at all levels and to establish outreach programs to pre-college (K-12)
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Lewis, 2010, Post-Graduation Status of National Science Foundation Engineering Research Centers: Report of a Survey of Graduated ERCs, SciTech Communications LLC. 15 Examples include the U.K.'s Centres for Innovative Manufacturing, Germany's Collaborative Research Centers, Finland's Strategic C entres for Science, Technology and Innovation, Singapore's Research Centres of Excellence, and China's National Engineering Research Centers.
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From page 14... ...
NOTE: CEMI, Clean Energy Manufacturing Initiative; CoE, Center of Excellence; DOD, Department of Defense; DOE, Department of Energy; EFRC, Energy Frontier Research Center; ERC, Engineering Research Center; FAA, Federal Aviation Administration; FNC, Future Naval Capability; GCD, Game Changing Development; GOALI, Grant Opportunities for Academic Liaison with Industry; I/UCRC, Industry/University Cooperative Research Center; I-Corps, Innovation Corps; MANTECH, Manufacturing Technology; MURI, Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative; NASA, National Aero autics and Space n Administration; NIAC, NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts; NNMI, National Network for Manufacturing Innovation; NSF, National Science Foundation; ONR, Office of Naval Research; RIF, Rapid Innovation Fund; SBIR, Small Business Innovation Research; STRG, Space Technology Research Grant; STTR, Small Business Technology Transfer; TCF, Technology Commercialization Fund; TDM, Technology Demonstration Mission; TIA, Technology Investment Agreement; UARC, University Affiliated Research Center; ULI, University Leadership Initiative. SOURCE: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2016, Triennial Review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.
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From page 15... ...
Some center programs appeared to have been influenced by the ERC model, while others followed a different path that would be hard to replicate in the university context -- for example, Germany's Fraunhofer Institutes are independent legal entities that conduct applied research with the expressed purpose of assisting German industry and use a topdown process for project selection. The report noted that while most centers in the sample featured international collaborations and partnerships, there were no examples of centers that were international in scope from their inception, with international collaboration as a core function.20 As part of this study, the committee commissioned a paper aimed at identifying innovative features of foreign centers that might be included in its deliberations.21 The paper, which considered centers in the United Kingdom, Japan, Germany, China, Sweden, Canada, and Ireland, was based primarily on "desk research," involving a systematic review of center program documents as well as interviews with some funding agency directors and directors of individual centers.
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a final consensus report containing committee findings and strategic recommendations that include inspiring visions for center scale research in engineering over the next 10-20 years, new models for innovation that connect center research to real world impacts, the appropriate role and emerging models for such centers in education and broadening participation, and how to continuously enable breakthrough engineering research by attracting the most innovative and diverse talent in the field. The report will focus on describing visions and opportunities for the future of multidisciplinary center-scale engineering programs, and presenting guiding principles and strategic recommendations for realizing the new visions and opportunities rather than evaluating the current center construct and suggesting evolutionary improvements.
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From page 17... ...
Solving complex problems will increasingly require multidisciplinary teams of researchers collaborating effectively.25 • Convergence in research will become the norm. The greatest research opportunities will increasingly lie at the points where knowledge from formerly distinct disciplines can be combined to create something fundamentally new.26,27 A good example is human performance enhancement (HPE)
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From page 18... ...
While some of these students pursue productive careers in the United States, others increasingly return home and utilize that knowledge to develop their domestic economies. At the same time, the United States will continue to enjoy certain competitive advantages, including the quality of its top-tier research universities, strong venture capital markets, a large market that is both willing and able to embrace new technologies, and an entrepreneurial culture that develops new opportunities, encourages risk taking, and does not punish initial failure of new ventures.
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From page 19... ...
INTRODUCTION 19 the Five Disciplines of Innovation.36 In addition, companies are increasingly using other models, such as the X-Prize37 and Google-X38 "grand challenges" to drive innovation. Online competitions from Kaggle39 and many others are producing impressive outcomes.
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