Strengthening the Disaster Resilience of the Academic Biomedical Research Community Protecting the Nation's Investment (2017) / Chapter Skim
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4 Foundations in Community Resilience and the National Preparedness System
4 Foundations in Community Resilience and the National Preparedness System
Pages 137-164
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From page 137... ...
The planning activities included in the National Preparedness System have evolved over time in response to new knowledge and proven successful procedures, regardless of the cause, size, or complexity of the disaster. From the federal perspective, preparedness activities are aimed at achieving the National Preparedness Goal, which is a fundamental doctrine stating that our entire nation must work together to achieve successful protection from 137
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From page 138... ...
The information in this chapter is intended to provide the foundation needed to develop policies and incentives, define and address gaps and resource solutions, and create regulatory frameworks and policies as necessary. Chapters 5 and 6 discuss how the National Preparedness System can be applied by academic research institutions to enhance resilience and protect their research enterprises.
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From page 139... ...
This concept of unity of effort can also be applied internally within the academic research institution. It is important to seek input and participation from research faculty, staff, and students to ensure their overall understanding of the disaster plans (Dunlop et al., 2011; Kapucu and Khosa, 2012)
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Broadly Examining Resilience at the Institutional Level The basic concepts of a resilient community can also be applied to academic research institutions. Overall, most institutions are involved in preparing and adopting disaster plans and have departments associated with emergency management and business continuity (Kapucu and Khosa, 2012; Mische and Wilkerson, 2016)
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From page 141... ...
found that an increase in resilience and in the level of preparedness at institutions was perceived to be associated with elements such as developing all-hazards comprehensive emergency management plans, providing leadership support, building strong community partnerships, developing strategies and systems to manage emergency information, and providing avenues for trainings and exercises. Having the necessary staffing for developing and implementing disaster resilience programs is also critical.
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. Those institutions that did participate in community response had several factors in common: • Participating academic institutions had faculty who were viewed as experts, and these experts had coappointments in either public health or emergency management; • Academic staff were participants on planning boards of public health and emergency management organizations; • Participating institutions maintained an ongoing relationship with community response partners through the combined training of students and staff in areas such as public health or emergency management; • The participating institution conducted combined training exercises with response agencies in its community, and academic staff had training in emergency operations procedures and the incident com mand system (ICS)
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. The National Preparedness System outlines an organized process for the whole community, including academic research institutions, to move forward with their preparedness activities and to be prepared for all hazards (FEMA, 2011)
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144 FIGURE 4-1 Visualization of NYU Langone's roadmap to resilience for its research enterprise.
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Each National Planning Framework provides guidance and a scaffold upon which effective disaster preparedness and response networks can be built. A discussion of these frameworks in the context of academic research institutions will be described further in Chapters 5 and 6.
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. There are three levels of planning for academic research institutions to consider (FEMA, 2016e)
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Following the common planning process described by the Department of Education, a research enterprise planning committee led by the chief resilience officer for the research enterprise should be created at the outset to work with the institution-wide planning committee to assess the unique characteristics of the research enterprise, determine resilience goals and objectives, and develop, implement, and maintain plans (ED, 2013)
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148 FIGURE 4-3 Steps in a common planning process.
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As part of this collaborative planning process, the research enterprise planning committee should consider identifying and evaluating the type of plans, policies, and procedures that are already in place at that academic research institution and determine the planning gaps at the level of the research enterprise (ED, 2013)
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The Kaiser Permanente hazard vulnerability assessment (HVA) tool is used by academic research institutions to evaluate and weigh the types of hazards, how disruptive an event could be, and how well the institution is prepared to address them (California Hospital Association, 2017)
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Determine Goals and Objectives Following the common planning process described by the Department of Education, the research enterprise planning committee should identify goals and objectives that are directly connected to the threats and hazards identified for planning efforts (ED, 2013)
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Plan, Preparation, Review, and Approval Following the common planning process described by the Department of Education, the research enterprise planning committee should work with the institution to draft the plans, review them, obtain institutional approval for implementation, and ensure the plans are integrated with emergency management both within the institution and within local, state, and federal agencies (ED, 2013)
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. It is important for academic research institutions -- and specifically the research enterprise planning committee -- to help facilitate trainings and exercises.
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If an opportunity to participate in a full-scale community exercise is presented to senior leadership at an academic research institution, the leadership would be wise to take advantage of it. Animal research managers at New York University (NYU)
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Encouraging researchers to attend training and workshops focused on disaster mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery will increase the academic research institution's awareness of the necessary tools and strategies used in preparation for a disaster, while also building the necessary partnerships with local and state agencies, businesses, and other academic research institutions. In addition to trainings and exercises, it is important for individuals at the academic research institution -- and specifically those involved in the research enterprise planning committee -- to have a sense of empowerment and undertake personal preparedness actions both at home and in their laboratory.
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22) The research enterprise planning committee and its institutional partners should consider establishing and identifying communication methodologies to engage students, staff, faculty, alumni, and families of the institution as well as the members of the broader community, while being cognizant that different populations will be reached using different types of media and methods of communication.
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. Operational Coordination Following the issuance of Presidential Directive 5, which established a single, comprehensive national incident management system, academic research institutions seeking federal funding for preparedness activities were required to adopt approaches to planning that were based on the National Incident Management System (NIMS)
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. In following a similar mechanism, the committee concludes that the chief resilience officer for the research enterprise should be tasked with leading a research enterprise planning committee in coordination with the academic research institution.
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Developing a research enterprise–specific training and exercise plan to document overall training and exercise priorities for a specific multiyear time period can contribute to strengthening disaster resilience. The experiences of disaster-affected academic research institutions that have been described in Chapter 2 reflect the need for better overall planning specifically for the research enterprise in all five of the mission areas outlined in the National Preparedness System: prevention, protection, mitigation, response, and recovery.
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Implement Comprehensive and Integrative Disaster Resilience Planning Efforts for the Research Enterprise RECOMMENDATION 2: Academic research institutions should im plement comprehensive and integrative disaster resilience planning ef forts for their research enterprise that are aligned with planning at the local, state, and national levels (the National Preparedness System)
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2015. National Preparedness Goal, 2nd ed.
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2015. Integrating resilience planning into university campus planning.
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-8: National preparedness. White House.
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