Guiding Principles for Developing Dietary Reference Intakes Based on Chronic Disease (2017) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix D: Definitions
Appendix D: Definitions
Pages 299-310
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From page 299... ...
It is based on experimentally derived intake levels or observations of mean nutrient intakes by a group of apparently healthy people who are maintaining a defined criterion of adequacy. When available evidence is not sufficient to determine the EAR for a nutrient, an AI is set.
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From page 300... ...
Apparently healthy population: The general population, excluding individuals who are malnourished, have diseases that result in malabsorption or dialysis treatments, or who have increased or decreased energy needs because of disability or decreased mobility. For the purposes of this report, it is recognized that the "apparently healthy population" potentially encompasses a diverse group of individuals with many different health conditions, such as individuals who have other chronic conditions such as obesity, hypertension, or diabetes.
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From page 301... ...
.1 Calibration of a self-reported dietary intake method: The process of using a suitable intake biomarker in an attempt to correct a self-reported intake assessment for measurement error. Calibration equations are typically developed by regressing biomarker intake values on corresponding selfreported values and possibly other study participant characteristics.
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From page 302... ...
Confidence interval: A measure of the uncertainty around the main finding of a statistical analysis. Estimates of unknown quantities, such as the relative risk comparing an experimental intervention with a control, are usually presented as a point estimate and a 95 percent confidence interval.
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From page 303... ...
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) : A set of nutrient-based reference values established under the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine that are used for planning and assessing diets of apparently healthy individuals and groups.
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From page 304... ...
In the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) process, a DRI committee is equivalent to the guideline panel in the Clinical Practice Guideline process.
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From page 305... ...
If sufficient data exist, an intake-response relationship may be characterized quantitatively and may lead to a chronic disease Dietary Reference Intake. Meta-analysis: A systematic review technique that uses statistical methods to quantitatively combine the results of similar studies in an attempt to allow inferences to be made from the sample of studies and be applied to a population of interest.
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From page 306... ...
With regard to Dietary Reference Intakes, the outcome might be a change in disease incidence (primary prevention of coronary disease) but also can be improvement of the clinical outcome of patients who have already sustained a heart attack (secondary prevention)
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From page 307... ...
Review of the totality of the evidence: In the context of setting chronic disease Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) , it refers to evaluating the evidence about whether a chronic disease DRI should be developed, including the systematic review evidence profiles, quantitative characterization of the intake-response, consideration of relationships with various chronic diseases, potential overlapping benefits and harms, need and appropriateness of extrapolation to other populations, and other relevant evidence.
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From page 308... ...
In contrast to random error, data affected by systematic error are biased, and this type of error cannot be reduced or eliminated by taking repeat measures. Systematic review: A scientific investigation that focuses on a specific question and that uses explicit, planned scientific methods to identify, select,
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From page 309... ...
Technical Expert Panel: A group of subject-matter experts who serve as consultants to the systematic review team in scientific matters related to the questions of interest. Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
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From page 310... ...
. It should be noted that objective intake measures, such as quantitative recovery biomarkers, are not available for all nutrients or food substances. Variability: True differences in attributes due to heterogeneity or diversity.
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