Acquisition and Operation of Polar Icebreakers: Fulfilling the Nation’s Needs (2017) / Chapter Skim
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Acquisition and Operation of Polar Icebreakers: Fulfilling the Nation's Needs Letter Report Division on Earth and Life Studies and Transportation Research Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
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The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, nongovernmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research.
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i Transportation Research Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 July 11, 2017 The Honorable Elaine C Duke Secretary of Homeland Security Washington, D.C.
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ii Sincerely, Richard West Committee Chair cc: Admiral Paul F Zukunft, Commandant, U.S.
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iii Contents ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................................................iv INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................................
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iv ABBREVIATIONS ABS American Bureau of Shipping ADM Admiral AESC Arctic Executive Steering Committee AMSEA General Dynamics American Overseas Marine AT acceptance trials BC British Columbia BLG bulk liquids and gases BLS United States Bureau of Labor Statistics BMAX maximum beam immersed section of the boat BOEM Bureau of Ocean Energy Management BOM bill of materials BT builders trials CAIV cost as an independent variable CCGS Canadian Coast Guard Ship CER cost estimating relationship CFR Code of Federal Regulations CFR Council on Foreign Relations CN cubic number CORE Consortium for Oceanographic Research and Education COTS commercial off-the-shelf CRS Congressional Research Service CTD conductivity, temperature, and depth DAFHP days away from home port DHP developed horsepower (at the propeller) DHS Department of Homeland Security DMIDSHIPS distance from deck to keel amidships DOD Department of Defense ECN engineering change notice EH high-tensile-strength steel EMI electromagnetic interference EMP enhanced maintenance program FARs Federal Acquisition Regulations FAS financial accounting standards FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation FCCOM facilities capital cost of money FESCO Far Eastern Shipping Company FMV fair market value FRED Federal Reserve Economic Data FT feet FY fiscal year GAO Government Accountability Office GFE government-furnished equipment GFM government-furnished material Gould Research Vessel Laurence M
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v HEC Herbert Engineering Corporation HP horsepower HPIB heavy polar icebreaker HQM high-quality market HSPD Homeland Security Presidential Directive HVAC heating, ventilation, and air conditioning HY high-yield-strength steel IAW in accordance with ILS integrated logistics support IMO International Maritime Organization INSURV Board of Inspection and Survey ISO International Organization for Standardization LWT lightweight LLTE long-lead-time equipment LMSR large, medium speed roll-on/roll-off ships LNG liquefied natural gas LOA length overall M meter MAC months after contract award MACRS modified accelerated cost recovery system MARAD Maritime Administration MHR man-hour MIL-SPEC military specifications MIL-STD defense or military standard MM millimeter MPS maritime prepositioning ships MSC Military Sealift Command MT metric ton M/V motor vessel MW megawatt NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASEM National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine NASSCO National Steel and Shipbuilding Company NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NAVAIR Naval Air Systems Command NAVSEA Naval Sea Systems Command NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NRC National Research Council NSC National Security Council NSF National Science Foundation NSPD National Security Presidential Directive OH overhead OMB Office of Management and Budget ONR Office of Naval Research OPC offshore patrol cutter ORD operational requirements document
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vi Palmer Research Vessel Nathaniel B Palmer PDA postdelivery availability PDD Presidential Decision Directive PEO Program Executive Office PIB polar icebreaker PIRS polar icebreaker requirements study QAC quarters after contract award RADM Rear Admiral REA request for equitable adjustment RFM release for manufacture ROM rough-order-of-magnitude ROV remotely operated vehicle R/V research vessel SCIF secure communications and intelligence facility SEES science, engineering and education for sustainability Sikuliaq Research Vessel Sikuliaq SNAME Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers SOC start of construction SOLAS Safety of Life at Sea SQ FT square feet SRP stern reference point SUPSHIP Supervisor of Shipbuilding, Conversion and Repair SWBS ship work breakdown structure SWIPA snow, water, ice, and permafrost in the Arctic TBD to be determined TRB Transportation Research Board TSAC United States Coast Guard's Towing Safety Advisory Committee UAS unmanned aerial system UAV unmanned aerial vehicle UNOLS University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System USA United States of America USAP United States Antarctic Program USC United States Code USCG United States Coast Guard USCGC United States Coast Guard Cutter USD United States dollar USM United States dollars, millions USN United States Navy UUV unmanned undersea vehicle VADM Vice Admiral WACC weighted average cost of capital WAGB Coast Guard Icebreaker WHOI Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute
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1 LETTER REPORT ON POLAR ICEBREAKER COST ASSESSMENT INTRODUCTION The United States has strategic national interests in the polar regions. In the Arctic, the nation must protect its citizens, natural resources, and economic interests; assure sovereignty, defense readiness, and maritime mobility; and engage in discovery and research.
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2 2. Recommendation: The United States Congress should fund the construction of four polar icebreakers of common design that would be owned and operated by the United States Coast Guard (USCG)
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3 with a multimission capability performing the range of services needed would be more efficient than potentially duplicating effort by splitting polar icebreaker operations among other agencies. The requirement for national presence is best accomplished with a military vessel.
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4 value, the criteria for evaluating shipyard proposals should incorporate explicitly defined lifecycle cost metrics (see Appendix D)
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5 The committee estimates that a first-of-class medium icebreaker will cost approximately $786 million. The fourth ship of the heavy icebreaker series is estimated to cost $692 million.
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6 All four proposed ships would be designed as "science-ready," which will be more cost-effective when one of the four ships -- most likely the fourth -- is made fully science capable. Including science readiness in the common polar icebreaker design is the most cost-effective way of fulfilling both the USCG's polar missions and the nation's scientific research polar icebreaker needs (see Appendix D)
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7 8. Recommendation: USCG should keep the Polar Star operational by implementing an enhanced maintenance program (EMP)
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