A Smarter National Surveillance System for Occupational Safety and Health in the 21st Century (2018) / Chapter Skim
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5 International Approaches to Occupational Health Surveillance
5 International Approaches to Occupational Health Surveillance
Pages 143-160
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From page 143... ...
for identifying all occupational injury fatalities in the United States is different from and likely more comprehensive than those in other industrialized nations. For example, the major difference between CFOI and fatal occupational injuries published by countries contributing data to Eurostat is that the CFOI is an active surveillance system and Eurostat relies on passively reported fatalities (Benavides et al., 2003)
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. New Zealand occupational injury reports include data from all accepted claims along with a subgroup of those
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Labor Force Surveys Many countries supplement occupational injury information obtained from workers' compensation systems with reports from a household survey. The prime example of this approach is represented by the United Kingdom's (UK's)
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The European Union has an extensive system of labor force surveys that are based on household sample and provides results quarterly on aspects of labor force participation (Eurostat, 2017b)
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Among the international occupational and safety health surveillance systems examined by the committee, these are the only two national noncompensationbased mandatory systems. Injuries that Occur During Commuting to Work Injuries that occur during commuting to work is a category of workrelated injury that is not dealt with consistently by the different national occupational injury systems.
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of occupational diseases such as those developed by the European Union or the International Labour Organization (ILO) as the primary means of identifying the work relationship of a disease (ILO, 2010; European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, 2017)
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. Multisystem Approaches The United Kingdom has the most comprehensive approach to occupational disease surveillance that includes required reporting of one of eight conditions included in a published list, reports of cancer or acute infectious diseases meeting minimal criteria, and reports from a voluntary physician reporting system called The Health and Occupation Research (THOR)
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While this proves less of a problem for occupational injuries, which are acute events, its importance is evident when considering work-related diseases. Many occupational diseases result long after the exposures are initiated or even well after employment with the relevant
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. To identify possible hazardous exposures by occupation and agent, these exposure estimates are compared with Finnish occupational exposure limits (Kauppinen et al., 2014)
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152 A SMARTER NATIONAL SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM FIGURE 5-1 Examples of occupational chemical exposure profiles provided in Finland. SOURCE: Kauppinen et al., 2014.
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. Most recently Australian investigators have validated a JEM for psychosocial stressors comparing assignments from the JEM with labor force survey responses for job stressors (Milner et al., 2016)
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While the social systems and the political economies among the countries described differ in important ways, the lessons learned offer insights into how the United States might adapt aspects of the systems described to fill some of the gaps in our current approaches to surveillance of occupational injury and illnesses. Fatal injury surveillance appears to be one area where the United States leads the way.
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is equivalent to a labor force survey although the survey is still in the planning stages with feasibility assessments under way. Conclusion: Occupational injury surveillance in the United States lags that of other developed nations.
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Conclusion: Exposure surveillance efforts in other developed nations have proved useful for surveillance and offer significant promise for adoption in the United States. There are several approaches used by other countries that offer case studies of approaches to occupational injury and illness reporting that could be adapted to the U.S.
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2013. Report on the current situation in relation to occupational diseases' systems in EU member states and EFTA/EEA countries, in particular relative to commission recommendation 2003/670/EC concerning the European schedule of occu pational diseases and gathering of data on relevant related aspects.
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Available online at https://www.safe workaustralia.gov.au/statistics-and-research/statistics/fatalities/fatality-statistics (accessed June 19, 2017)
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2007. An International Comparison of Occupational Disease and Injury Compen sation Schemes.
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