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Animal Models for Microbiome Research Advancing Basic and Translational Science: Proceedings of a Workshop (2018) / Chapter Skim
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2 A Trans-Kingdom Perspective on Animal Models and Microbiome Research
Pages 3-6

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From page 3...
... Virgin hypothesized that these viruses may even be defining how our immune systems react to challenge -- "if we're chronically infected but apparently healthy, that may define our immunophenotype." In fact, he and his colleagues have shown that mice with a latent herpesvirus infection are protected from challenge with a very high dose of Listeria monocytogenes due to increased expression of gamma interferon (IFNγ)
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From page 4...
... In a second example of a trans-kingdom interaction, Virgin discussed a series of experiments showing that bacteria can control chronic norovirus infections. Some members of the norovirus family cause severe gastrointestinal distress, while others produce an asymptomatic persistent infection of the spleen, lymph nodes, and other tissues (Nice et al., 2013)
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From page 5...
... SOURCES: Virgin slide 40 (Norman et al., 2015)
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From page 6...
... In doing so, Virgin called for researchers to fully and transparently report the experimental conditions and methods used. He further highlighted the need for massive improvements in the scope and annotation quality of genome databases and called for the creation of kingdom-specific bioinformatics tools.
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Key Terms

  • bowel disease
  • innate immune
  • inflammatory bowel
  • persistent infection
  • chronic norovirus

  • subsequent changes
  • living viruses
  • herpesvirus infection
  • shedding virus
  • components constantly

  • severely immunocompromised
  • killing beneficial
  • herpesvirus experiment
  • decreased microbiome
  • healthy controls

  • ensure persistence
  • versus humans
  • increased virome
  • increased expression
  • virome complexibity

  • pathogenic bacteria
  • viral infection
  • constantly interact
  • monocytogenes due
  • human vaccine

  • control chronic
  • family cause
  • humans causes
  • listeria monocytogenes
  • patients versus


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