Sustainable Materials and Manufacturing for Renewable Energy Technology Development to 2030 Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief (2017) / Chapter Skim
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Sustainable Materials and Manufacturing for Renewable Energy Technology Development to 2030: Proceedings of a Workshop--in Brief
Sustainable Materials and Manufacturing for Renewable Energy Technology Development to 2030: Proceedings of a Workshop--in Brief
Pages 1-8
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, highlighted the key topics for the day: • Current state of innovations in materials, processes, and technologies for solar photovoltaic energy and con centrated solar power, wind energy, and energy storage systems; • Current and potential practices and processes for acquisition and processing of materials for use in these technologies, and their implications for addressing social, environmental, and other impacts; • Social dimensions of material acquisition and processing to support renewable energy technology develop ment; and • Possible approaches to the materials and manufacturing systems of the future, including knowledge gaps, critical research needs, and mechanisms for encouraging partnerships.
1 United Nations.
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Discussion centered on lowering costs, the increasing speed of change, grid optimization related to time value and location of electricity, and need for modern data. Material supply and manufacturing directly impact the cost of renewable energy technologies, but Daniel noted the potential savings from materials depends on the technology.
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Wind Energy Technology Advancement Yongxin Huang, lead structure engineer for Siemens Gamesa, defined sustainable wind energy not only in terms of materials, but also in keeping factories open and people employed. That means driving down costs.
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Both require a spectrum of major industrial chemicals, precious metals, and rare earth elements, and there is no dominant single material with the aim of cost optimization. Whitacre added that cobalt has had a dramatic increase in price and decrease in availability in the past year while the most scaled energy storage materials systems are not materials optimized.
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Current and Future Demand for and Reuse of Rare Earth Elements, and Related Sustainability Elisa Alonso, a critical materials analyst for Oak Ridge National Laboratory, focused on rare earth elements, a subset of the critical materials discussed by Nassar. She positioned all critical materials on axes of importance and supply risk related to market, recycling options, and environmental concerns.
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Possible responses include material substitution, increased manufacturing efficiency, new scrap recycling, mine opening, and stockpiling. To date, three rare earths -- yttrium, dysprosium, and europium -- have been approved for inclusion in the National Defense Stockpile.
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RESEARCH NEEDS FOR SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING FOR RENEWABLE TECHNOLOGIES In the concluding session, Cyrus Wadia, vice president of sustainable business & innovation at Nike, Inc.; Alexander King, director of the DOE Critical Materials Institute (CMI) ; and Roderick Eggert, professor of the Colorado School of Mines and CMI deputy director, offered syntheses of the earlier presentations from industry, federal, and academic perspectives, followed by discussion.
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Four years ago, they were asked to assure continued sources of critical materials, particularly rare earth elements. Generally, it takes about 15 years to develop a mineral deposit that has been identified; 18-20 years to invent a newly identified deposit.
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