Redesigning the Process for Establishing the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (2017) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 17-30
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From page 17... ...
The target population for the DGA will also expand in the 2020–2025 edition to include recommendations for all Americans by including pregnant women and children from birth to 2 years. Despite the many accomplishments, recent challenges to federal nutrition guidance prompted Congress to question the process by which food and nutrition guidance is developed (Conaway, 2015; Hartzler et al., 2015; U.S.
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From page 18... ...
. 3 Federal nutrition assistance and education programs include Child and Adult Care Food Program; Commodity Supplemental Food Program; Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations; Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program; National School Lunch Program; Nutrition Services Incentive Program; Nutrition Standards for School Meals; School Breakfast Program; Serving Up MyPlate; SNAP-Ed; Special Milk Program; Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)
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From page 19... ...
Next, a federal writing team -- consisting of staff from USDA and HHS -- collects, assesses, and reviews these comments as it develops the next edition of the DGA Policy Report. The draft DGA Policy Report undergoes a series of internal depart ental m reviews, including reviews by more than 100 subject-matter experts from the federal government, and revisions prior to approval by the secretaries.
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From page 20... ...
The conclusions from the scientific report serve as the scientific basis for the DGA Policy Report. • "DGA" refers to all of the collective efforts and products to produce and disseminate the dietary guidelines.
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From page 21... ...
Not all updates to the DGA Policy Report lead to substantial programmatic changes, and consideration is given to the feasibility of implementation. For ex ample, compliance with the 2015–2020 DGA recommendation of limiting added sugar to no more than 10 percent of calories was not readily implementable in the National School Lunch Program and School Breakfast Program with respect to competitive foods sold in the school setting.
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From page 22... ...
announced changes to the Nutrition Facts labels intended to reflect current scientific evidence and help consumers make informed choices.b One revision is to list the amount of total sugars that come from added sugars. The FDA cites the revision as providing alignment with the 2015–2020 DGA Policy Report key recommendation regarding added sugars (FDA, 2016)
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From page 23... ...
Many statements also referred to lean meat, largely questioning its lack of inclusion in the scientific report as part of a healthful diet, but others referenced concerns about cholesterol and saturated fat associated with meat consumption. Plant-based diets were another frequently identified topic, with comments both in favor of and against a shift to a more plant-based diet.
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From page 24... ...
Frequently discussed topics included the processes used to create the DGA Policy Report and the DGAC Scientific Report, as well as how evidence was assessed for the scientific report. Also commonly mentioned was the timing of when research questions are developed, as well as the suggestion to provide more opportunities to comment on the questions for the DGAC to consider before it conducts its work.
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From page 25... ...
Additionally, some of the questions relevant to the selection process, such as how specific priority areas are determined and how the DGAC's conclusions are considered in the DGA Policy Report, are also explored here. Committee Methods The National Academies appointed 14 members to the Committee to Review the Process to Update the Dietary Guidelines for Americans to respond to a congressional request.4 For this second report -- to assess the rigor of the NEL, how systematic reviews are conducted on longstanding DGA recommendations, and how the DGA can better prevent chronic disease and ensure nutritional sufficiency for all Americans -- this National Academies committee met in person twice and convened in closed session three times via webinar.
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From page 26... ...
A final report will be produced that includes the committee's review of questions 2–4 and, as needed, recommendations based on existing practices for: • Conducting and/or including rigorous and objective nutrition systematic reviews and other data analyses to support the development of the DGA; • Supporting an expanded life span approach, specifically dietary guidance for infants up to 24 months and pregnant women (per the Agricultural Act of 2014) ; • Effectively applying the DGA to prevent diet-related chronic disease in the United States using existing implementation and evaluation frameworks; and • Identifying the role of the DGA in coordinating with and supporting nutri tion guidance for disease treatment (that may also address age, gender, metabolic health, and nutritional sufficiency)
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From page 27... ...
. Additionally, the committee solicited written input from the public about what it believed to be major challenges to implementing the DGA and the greatest opportunities for the DGA to better prevent chronic disease and ensure nutritional sufficiency.
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From page 28... ...
the current process is not as transparent or participatory as it could be. Chapter 6 examines the types of analyses used to update the 2015– 2020 DGA and provides assessments upon which recommendations are made in response to Statement of Task questions "How is the Nutrition Evidence Library compiled and utilized, including whether NEL reviews and other systematic reviews and data analysis are conducted according to rigorous and objective scientific standards?
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From page 29... ...
2015. Public comments on the Sci entific Report of the 2015 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee.
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From page 30... ...
2015. The scientific report guiding the U.S.
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