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Summary
Pages 1-16

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From page 1...
... However, through years of scientific investigation in nutrition and health, an understanding that there are complex relationships between dietary intake and the risk of developing multifactorial chronic disease has been developing. Poor dietary habits have been associated with the increased prevalence of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the United States.
From page 2...
... As the primary federal source of consistent, evidence-based information on dietary practices for optimal nutrition, the DGA have the promise to empower Americans to make informed decisions about what and how much they eat to improve health and reduce the risk of chronic disease. In addition, the DGA serve as the basis for the types and composition of food provided in government food programs such as the National School Lunch Program and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children.
From page 3...
... Department of Agriculture. CHARGE TO THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES OF SCIENCES, ENGINEERING, AND MEDICINE More than 29,000 public comments were submitted in response to the Scientific Report of the 2015 DGAC both in support of and against the conclusions made.
From page 4...
... This second report responds to the remaining questions through a comprehensive review of the process to update the DGA. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS Upon evaluating the current process used to update the DGA, this National Academies committee found that the process has become more evidence-based over its more than 30-year history as demonstrated by the formal integration of food pattern modeling and the ability to conduct original systematic reviews.
From page 5...
... 2. The juxtaposition of the 5-year DGA cycle and the 2-year DGAC term imposed by the National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research Act and the Federal Advisory Committee Act constrain the overall system (e.g., time to complete tasks, structure)
From page 6...
... The process to update the DGA should be comprehensively redesigned to allow it to adapt to changes in needs, evidence, and strategic priorities. VALUES OF AN EFFECTIVE PROCESS TO UPDATE THE DGA Based on the key findings, this National Academies committee identified five values to improve the integrity of a process to develop credible and trustworthy guidelines: 1.
From page 7...
... Second, to facilitate a delib erative process, the DGA cycles need to be considered as a continuous activity to foster learning across cycles. Continuity also allows a strategic approach be developed to accomplish the goals and vision of the DGA.
From page 8...
... Confusion regarding which guidelines to follow could be reduced by identifying areas of consistency among guidelines developed in a manner in line with the methods used in the DGA. PROCESS REDESIGN This National Academies committee concluded that process redesign for updating the DGA can improve transparency, promote diversity of expertise and experience, support a deliberative process, promote independence in decision making, and strengthen scientific rigor.
From page 9...
...  Dietary Guidelines Scientific Advisory Committee to inter pret the scientific evidence and draw conclusions. The redesign incorporates continuity across 5-year cycles, with some activities spanning across DGA cycles (see Figure S-2)
From page 10...
... "Selection" refers to the selection of members for the respective groups. "Federal staff" includes those providing technical support such as the Nutrition Evidence Library staff and those conducting food pattern modeling and descriptive data analyses.
From page 11...
... The DGSAC would also be charged with identifying topics where more evidence is needed, and suggesting those topics for future DGA cycles. Members of the DGSAC would include subject matter experts, as well as experts in the methods being considered for use in that particular DGA cycle (e.g., systematic reviews, food pattern modeling)
From page 12...
... Teams of federal methodologists would work with TEPs to begin conducting systematic reviews, food pattern modeling, and descriptive data analyses (e.g., NEL staff, nutritional epidemiologists, respectively) , with the goal of having final results available for the DGSAC when it first convenes.
From page 13...
...  he NEL staff plan and conduct systematic reviews with T input from technical expert panels, perform risk of bias assessment of individual studies, and assist the DGSAC as needed.
From page 14...
... The NEL should also maintain state-of-the-art systematic review methods. By instituting ongoing training and collaboration, as well as a supportive methodological infrastructure to cultivate practitioners of systematic review with a nutrition focus, the NEL has the opportunity to become a leading evidence source for the nutrition community.
From page 15...
... The secretaries of USDA and HHS should enhance food pattern modeling to better reflect the complex interactions involved, variability in intakes, and range of pos sible healthful diets. The accuracy and efficiency of data analyses could be improved by standardizing and validating the processes used, both within and between DGA cycles to identify nutrients of concern.


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