Investigative Strategies for Lead-Source Attribution at Superfund Sites Associated with Mining Activities (2017) / Chapter Skim
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3 Environmental Dispersal of Lead
3 Environmental Dispersal of Lead
Pages 25-41
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From page 25... ...
ceed 1,000 ppb (or 1 ppm) , but this is generally rare, and Aqueous processes and transport are described first, then most waters with high dissolved lead have concentrations air transport, and finally intentional transport.
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. The lead weathering of lead minerals, in evaporative scenarios, concentration measured in a sample after passing through and from high-lead surface waters or groundwater near, a 0.45-μm filter is typically referred to as the dissolved for example, mining sites or industrial lead sources (see concentration, whereas total lead generally refers to lead below)
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, the formation of new lead FIGURE 3-2 General examples of lead adsorption (as percent uptake from solution) on mineral surfaces as a function of pH for three soil-mineral types: iron oxide or hydroxide, edge sites of clay minerals, and aluminum oxide or hydroxide.
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2(OH) 2, were primary products that likely centration of lead associated with particulate matter also control dissolved lead concentrations in soil-pore water tends to be orders of magnitude higher than the concentra(Jørgensen and Willems 1987; Lin et al.
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described earlier. Although the downstream dispersal of However, zinc concentrations abruptly increase again on sediment-associated lead can be systematic, a number of reaching the confluence of the Rio Tatasi and to a lesser processes complicate geographic patterns in dispersal.
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(A) Processes operating along a stream segment include hydraulic sorting, dilution, and sediment storage; partition of sediment by size and density into various morphologic units is also shown.
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(2010) found Associated Lead Transport and Deposition that high lead concentrations in tailings from the Leadwood and National Piles in Southeast Missouri occurred Many river systems exhibit abrupt changes in their in the sediment fraction measuring less than 63 µm and in capacity to transport sediment along the drainage network the fraction measuring 4–8 mm.
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valleys, lead associated with natural soil particles might The influx of sediment from historical mining and be incorporated into the sediments that are deposited milling operations is not the only type of disturbance along the river, particularly the floodplain. After erosion that can cause such transformations in river structure and of the riverbed, those sediments (including any lead that sediment transport rates.
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This section first describes particle-size distribuspatially removed from the modern channel. Geographic tions and how they affect transport and then fugitive dust patterns in sediment-associated lead concentrations in ter- suspension and deposition, which are probably the most races are influenced by the timing of lead inputs into the relevant to lead dispersal from mining-associated sites river, terrace height above the modern channel, and the and other sources.
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. FIGURE 3-7 Illustration of different size fractions of airborne particles in a typical atmospheric particle-size distribution.
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Visible dust plumes are often noticed over those models are used to estimate dust production from soils sources when wind speeds are high or when vehicles are and stockpiles, such as chat piles and mine-tailings immoving. Studies show that, on the average, fugitive dust poundments.
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concentrations. Soil sampling An Example from Southeast Missouri showed the expected rapid decrease in lead concentration with distance that reached more typical concentrations An example from Southeast Missouri illustrates the at about 2 km downwind from the Bonne Terre sources, potential for air transport of lead-containing particles from which were mainly tailings and a small chat pile.
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For example, REFERENCES intentional transport at mining sites in the Southeast Missouri Lead Mining District would include the mechani- Abbott, M.L.
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2001. Fugitive dust emissions.
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1998. The role of ated heavy metals in floodplain systems: Assessment and geomorphic processing in the transport and fate of mer river basin management issues at a time of rapid envi- cury in the Carson River basin, west-central Nevada.
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2007. Con tuations in fluvial sediment transport rates and storage trol of lead solubility in soil contaminated with lead shot: volumes.
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Isotopically constrained lead sources in fugitive able: https://infosys.ars.usda.gov/WindErosion/simmod- dust from unsurfaced roads in the southeast Missouri els/simmodels.shtml [accessed June 26, 2017]
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