Investigative Strategies for Lead-Source Attribution at Superfund Sites Associated with Mining Activities (2017) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
5 Implications for Southeast Missouri and Research Needs
5 Implications for Southeast Missouri and Research Needs
Pages 79-92
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From page 79... ...
Here, the committee addresses specifically the im- basis of those results, it is likely that lead-isotope ratios plications of that information for the Southeast Missouri will be able to be used to apportion the sources of lead in Lead Mining District, provides some research recommen- soils, sediments, or house dust between those commerdations for optimizing approaches, and considers other cial sources and natural or mined materials in the case of opportunities for using some of the analytic techniques or Southeast Missouri. One strength of using isotopic analymethods for identifying potential sources of environmen- sis is that it can pinpoint a source with high accuracy if tal lead contamination.
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From page 80... ...
The lead ores from Southeast Missouri have an and laboratory analysis of samples follow quality-assur- extremely unusual lead isotopic composition (Rabinowitz ance protocols; consequently, the consistent quality of and Wetherill 1972; Goldhaber et al.
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From page 81... ...
Thus, in the case of the Southeast Mis- The committee notes that the utility of the lead isotosouri Lead Mining District, lead-isotope ratios will likely pic methods in other mining and smelting regions in the be able to attribute the sources of lead in soils between United States has not been evaluated adequately and will mined materials and paints and gasoline in most cases. As depend on the lead isotopic composition of individual ore discussed below, additional analyses of lead concentra- deposits and the isotopic contrast between the ores and tions and isotopic compositions of exterior paints in older other exposure sources, including paint.
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From page 82... ...
; dust, ore, and slag from the Herculaneum smelter and paint from a house near the Herculaneum smelter (Orloff 2002) ; paint pigments from six major US paint manufacturers (Rabinowitz and Hall 2002; in this study, only 206Pb/204Pb ratios were reported and were converted to 206Pb/207Pb ratios by using the linear relationship between 206Pb/204Pb and 206Pb/207Pb ratios for ingots, slags, and contaminated soils from a wide array of US lead ores and reported by Rabinowitz 2002)
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From page 83... ...
Consequently, the lead in the sampled neighborhoods. spatial distribution of soil lead concentrations offers some A different kind of gradient that is evident in Figure indication of where exogenous lead might have been in- 5-3 is the tendency of older houses to have higher soil troduced and provides a strategy for attributing soil lead lead concentrations outside their drip zones.
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From page 84... ...
estimated to reside in the top inch of an average South The total lead content of a yard's surface soil can be east Missouri yard serves as a meaningful benchmark estimated from the average mass concentration and an with which the contents of other potential lead reservoirs estimate of soil volume and density. An arithmetic mean can be compared.
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From page 85... ...
ratios for attributing sources of lead in contaminated soils to mining and smelting activities. The committee pointed The three estimates indicate that less total lead is like- to examples of previous studies that showed an isotopic ly to reside in exterior paint, even on an older house, than contrast between lead from paint and lead from mining the 10-kg average lead burden that sampling indicates and smelting activities in Southeast Missouri and suggestnow sits in the top inch of sampled Southeast Missouri ed that the two sources of lead in soils could be identified yards.
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From page 86... ...
Thus, they can potentially be used require additional testing when applied to soils. Studies to attribute lead from geologic and mining sources in the could be completed on soils near known metal-emitting Southeast Missouri Lead Mining District.
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From page 87... ...
the data in those reports as a case study to demonstrate both the power and the complexity of the use of lead iso Identifying Sources with Investigative Tools topes for source attribution. in Industrial Archeology and Affiliated Disciplines Two houses within 1 mile of the Herculaneum Lead Smelter in Southeast Missouri and their occupants were Industrial archeology is the systematic study of mate- sampled, and the samples were analyzed for lead isotopic rial evidence associated with historical industrial activi- composition (Orloff 2001, 2002)
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From page 88... ...
. Also shown are 206Pb/207Pb ratios for ore and mined materials, mining dust, lead in paints and pigments of six major brands, and lead in gasoline.
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From page 89... ...
have been conducted in urban areas, not near minsample has a 206Pb/207Pb ratio above the range of major ing or smelter sites. Researchers measured lead isotopes lead ores; it is an exterior sample, and its lead concentra- in children's blood and then sought to distinguish between tion was not reported, so its lead isotopic composition is potential sources, including house paints, household dust, difficult to interpret.
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From page 90... ...
. Avail If EPA or others want to pursue blood-lead isotopic able: https://semspub.epa.gov/work/HQ/175343.pdf [acinvestigations for the Southeast Missouri Lead Mining cessed June 21, 2017]
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From page 91... ...
2001. Multiple metal contamination from zinc, cadmium and lead isotope fractionation during house paints: Consequences of power sanding and paint smelting and refining.
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