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Pages 1-6

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From page 1...
... Such is often the case for mining sites that involve posure pathways, which would need to be considered for metal contamination; metals occur naturally in the envi- identifying which lead sources are contributing to human ronment, they can be contaminants in the wastes gener- exposure. ated at or released from the sites, and they can be used The Southeast Missouri Lead Mining District proin consumer products, which can degrade and release the vides a prime example of the complexities that a site metals back to the environment.
From page 2...
... were Natural and Mining-Associated Sources Commercial Sources Mineralized Non-mineralized Gasoline, Other Fuels, Lead-Rich Lead-Poor Paint, Plumbing Materials, Batteries, Agricultural Products, Other Consumer External Environmental Dispersal Products Sources of Extraction of Ore Lead Ores or Scrap Natural Transport Lead to Market Processing of Ore Intentional Transport Disposal FIGURE S-1 Natural, mining-associated, and commercial sources can cause lead contamination in the environment through natural or intentional transport. Natural transport refers to environmental processes -- such as wind, water flow, and soil erosion -- that disperse materials; intentional transport refers to all human activities that move materials and have the potential for dispersal in the environment.
From page 3...
... When lead is puri- ties in the 20th century compared with those from Southfied from the ores and used in industry, the lead-contain- east Missouri, and a single sample from a house within ing commercial products retain the lead-isotope ratios of 0.5 miles of the Herculaneum lead smelter that could be the result of lead contamination from the smelter. Thus, 2The investigative approach for air is different from that for the the committee concludes that in the case of the Southeast other environmental media in that it uses a tiered approach that Missouri Lead Mining District, it is likely that lead-isofocuses primarily on modeling for source attribution, although sim- tope ratios can be used to attribute the sources of lead in ilar techniques to analyze airborne lead particles are noted.
From page 4...
... 4 Investigative Strategies for Lead-Source Attribution at Superfund Sites Associated with Mining Activities FIGURE S-2 Compilation of 206Pb/207Pb ratios in North American ore deposits, gasoline, and paint samples. The asterisked triangle represents the average 206Pb/207Pb ratios in ores from the Upper Mississippi Valley District.
From page 5...
... Portable wind tunnels can be used to estimate the hance the analytic techniques and methods that make up airborne particle emission rates and dust production from the committee's proposed investigative strategies and to stockpiles of mining wastes and to measure the threshreduce uncertainty in their implementation. The commit- old wind velocity at a specific site that results in particle tee finds that characterizing potential sources has high suspension and later transport downwind.
From page 6...
... isotopic analysis also applies to investigating sources of blood lead. Although additional study would be needed to Although the committee was not asked to identify determine where and under what conditions lead isotopic possible exposure pathways or methods for determin- analysis could provide unambiguous lead-source attribuing which lead source at a contaminated site might be tion for people who have high blood lead concentrations, the most important for human exposure, it did consider the approach appears promising for the Southeast Miswhether its investigative approaches could help to answer souri Lead Mining District and possibly other mining dissuch questions.


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