America's Future in Civil Space Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief (2017) / Chapter Skim
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America's Future in Civil Space: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
America's Future in Civil Space: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
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space policy and how it might form a broad policy basis for twenty-first century leadership in space. • Examine the balance and in terfaces between fundamental scientific research in space, human space exploration, robotic exploration, earth observations, and applications of space technology and civil space systems for societal benefits.
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The chair of the ASEB Alan Epstein noted that we are in the most exciting period of space since the Apollo era, when the ASEB was established, owing to the breadth and depth of activity in space. Fiona Harrison, chair of the SSB, noted the unprecedented opportunities in the space sciences when we are exploring our solar system, peering back to the earliest moments of our universe, and discovering worlds around other stars.
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Blakey noted that there have now been over 300 licensed launches. Blakey stated that she believed we have made tremendous progress in the government's role in enabling industry's enormous contributions, such as launch vehicle reusability, to civil space -- something she thinks the government did not fully understand when the commercial space transformation began.
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She stated that there is sufficient opportunity now for the entrepreneur. When asked if we are ready to move beyond ISS, which is currently planned to operate until 2024, but reaches lifetime limits by 2028, Lunine recalled from the Pathways report that ISS is essential, but we need to begin planning now for an achievable program to go beyond low Earth orbit.
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Indeed, he added, by the time we are ready to go to Mars the capabilities of robots will be beyond what we might expect, and so we have to be ready to couple intimately robotic and human exploration. Former SSB chair David Spergel moderated a panel discussion following Lunine's opening talk.
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In response to comments from participants about the political and policy contexts for space exploration, Melroy noted that if you have to show technical progress in a single political cycle, an environment is created where results must be accomplished within a shorter period, and this argues for a more focused, projectbased approach that can be reassessed more frequently. David Spergel noted that when we look at the mission selection process, we tend to focus on risk minimization and tend to deemphasize approaches with longer-term benefits.
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Dittmar then moderated a panel discussion that consisted of Roger Launius, former chief historian for NASA and also formerly at the National Air and Space Museum; John Donahue, of Harvard University; Dan Dumbacher, of Purdue University and formerly of NASA; and Alan Epstein, of Pratt & Whitney and ASEB chair. Roger Launius gave an introductory presentation and spoke about several case studies of public-private partnerships that can be used as analogies for partnerships in the space program.
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So now, a lot of the mechanics we learned along the way in these programs have led to a larger conver sation about public-private partnerships and an "in teresting future" for space exploration. Alan Epstein spoke about what might be learned from public-private partnerships in aviation.
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Vint Cerf noted that the government has constantly reinvented the way that it does public-private partnerships and stimulates private industry and so the challenge now is to figure out how to do that for our future goals in space. Alan Epstein noted that the new entrants in the aerospace industry have a much higher tolerance for risk, and NASA may have to tolerate more risk and have the political cover to do so in order to succeed.
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Finally, Rob Ferl, of the University of Florida, talked about human spaceflight and the science of adapting to space. In response, Steve Jurczyk, associate administrator for the NASA Space Technology Mission Directorate, stated that there are what NASA calls "quantifiable capabilities" that need to be present before, for instance, a human mission to Mars can be successful.
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• Scientific discovery in our space program is transformational because it changes our col lective perception of reality. • The year 2028 is a key date for ISS and will drive decisions and actions now, while there was also a strong message from a number of participants that we need to continue to plan for a NASA program that goes beyond ISS and beyond low Earth orbit.
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Moloney, Director, Space Studies Board and Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board SPONSORS: This workshop was supported by NASA, The Heising Simons Foundation, and the ASEB 50th Anniversary Fund (with support from the Lockheed Martin Corporation)
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