Emergency Alert and Warning Systems Current Knowledge and Future Research Directions (2018) / Chapter Skim
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2 Building an Integrated Alert and Warning Ecosystem
2 Building an Integrated Alert and Warning Ecosystem
Pages 45-55
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From page 45... ...
Weather Radio All Hazards into a one modern network. Additionally, IPAWS allows for alerts to be originated by various government organizations and officials at the federal, state, local, and tribal level, and allows a single message to be transmitted to the various alert platforms.
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From page 46... ...
to provide for better and EAS messages composed Provides authorities a • Participating stations more accurate handling of of 4 parts: broader range of message alert receptions. • tuned to 640 & 1240 kHz options and multiple AM and initiated a special Digitally encoded header • Originally designed to communications pathways sequence and procedure provide the President with Attention Signal • designed to warn Increases capability to alert an expeditious method of Audio Announcement citizens.
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From page 47... ...
Further limiting the ways in which homes can be reached, one in five households no longer have cable television subscriptions,4 potentially limiting the reach of live, local news. Not only can cell phones reach a large swathe of the population, for some it may be the only or best way to reach them during emergencies given declines in listening to or viewing live broadcasts, a drop in cable subscription rates, and a dramatic falloff in households with landline telephones.
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From page 48... ...
NEED FOR AN INTEGRATED ALERT AND WARNING ECOSYSTEM Currently, emergency alerting takes place across an information ecosystem that includes emergency responders and their alerting platforms as well as diverse channels of message delivery, distributed sensing devices, and feedback mechanisms. Emergency alerts are distributed directly to users over landline phones and, more recently, over mobile phones (through WEA)
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:136-147. 7 While the work done on public response to message length was completed through a DHS research project, the Communications Security, Reliability and Interoperability Council V (CSRIC V)
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. • Allow for collecting feedback from the alerted population to determine the effectiveness of an alert and give emergency managers better situational awareness during an event.
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counties have registered to use the Integrated Public Alert and Warning System8 gateway, the system that allows message originators to send WEA messages. Only 387 wireless emergency alerts have been originated by state or local governments since WEA came online; by comparison the National Weather Service has sent approximately two million alerts.9 An increased use of WEA by emergency officials could mean reaching additional populations, and increased use would also improve familiarity with the systems, which could improve public response times.
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From page 52... ...
broadcast as the primary bearer.10 • Diversify communications technologies in handsets to help distribute alert messages when cellular network congestion or failure occurs. Short-range communications technology such as Bluetooth and WiFi could be used to forward messages locally while FM radio provides an alternate long-range technology.
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From page 53... ...
, and message delivery latency. Long-Term: Incentivize the Building of an Integrated Alert and Warning Ecosystem The increasing number of connected devices, sensor networks, and mobile phone capabilities provide significant opportunity to detect events, deliver well-vetted alerts over numerous channels, and gather feedback on how these alerts are perceived.
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From page 54... ...
• Assuring end-to-end service availability and the integrity of valid messages, preventing spoofed messages and spoofed alerts, and assuring system availability from alert origination to message receipt. • Giving users as much control as possible over what kinds of messages they receive, and alerting control should not be limited to simply on or off.
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From page 55... ...
• Using IoT devices and other embedded sensors to detect, analyze, and categorize potential events, send alerts, and potentially automate certain protective actions for minimizing potential damages. • Incorporating available communications technologies, such as mesh networking and FM broadcast signals,11 to increase the ability to deliver information in the event that primary communication networks fail.
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