The National Academies Press

Currently Skimming:

Appendix C: Targeted Observables Table
Pages 619-631

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.

From page 619... ... These entries are thus candidates for new flight opportunities during the ESAS 2017 decade. A summary version of this table, with priority Targeted Observables allocated to flight program elements, is provided in Table 3.3. Read the entire page →
From page 620... ... 620 THRIVING ON OUR CHANGING PLANET TABLE C.1 Targeted Observables Science/Applications Priorities by Panela Targeted Observable Science and Applications Summary MI VI I · Aerosol/particulate matter optical H 1c TO-1 depth, particle size, speciation W 1a, 2a, 6a, 9a, · Cloud optical depth and cloud 5a 10a Aerosol and Cloud Radiative Properties hydrometeor size for top 1-2 optical depths E C 2h 2g, 5a, 5c, 3d, 4d, 7a 5b, 5d, 7b, 9a S 1a · Aerosol extinction profiles H 2b TO-2 · Column integrated cloud properties W 1a, 2a, 6a, 9a 5a Aerosol Vertical Profiles E C 2a, 2h 2g, 5a, 5c 5b, 5d, 7b, 8g, 9a S 1a · Distribution, composition, and H 3a, 3b TO-3 functioning of aquatic ecosystems and W Aquatic-Coastal Biogeochemistry their biogeochemical impacts · Chlorophyll, particulate organic carbon E 1c, 3a 1a 2b, 3b, and primary production 4a, 4b, · Phytoplankton biomass and 5a, 5b composition C 2d 3c, 4d, 5b, 7b S · 3D wind, in troposphere/PBL H 2a, 4a 4b TO-4 · Cloud dynamics W 1a, 2a, 9a, 10a · Convection 4a Atmospheric Winds E C 4a, 5a, 7a, 3f, 4b, 5b, 7c 7b, 7d, 7e, 8i S Read the entire page →
From page 621... ... APPENDIX C 621 Candidate Measurement Related ESAS 2007 and POR Identified Need/Gap Approach ESAS 2017 Disposition ESAS 2007: ACE POR has no multi-angle Similar to: MISR, MODIS, DESIGNATED polarimeter post-MAIA, and MAIA PROGRAM ELEMENT POR: MISR/Terra, MODIS/Terra, reduced spatial coverage · Multichannel/multiangle/ MODIS/Aqua, MAIA, VIIRS, MSI/ post-MISR polarization imaging Joint implementation with EarthCARE, 3MI/MetOp-SG radiometer TO-2, maximum development · Moderate spatial resolution cost $800 million ESAS 2007: ACE POR has no backscatter lidar Similar to: CALIOP/CALIPSO, DESIGNATED post-EarthCARE ATLID/EarthCARE PROGRAM ELEMENT POR: ATLID/EarthCARE, · Lidar extinction profiles CALIOP/CALIPSO from backscatter or high Joint implementation with spectral resolution lidar TO-1, maximum development · Horizontal resolution cost $800 million ~100 m-1 km; vertical resolution similar or better than CALIPSO ESAS 2007: ACE, GEO-CAPE POR does not provide high Similar to: GEO-CAPE UNALLOCATED temporal resolution · Imaging radiometer POR: MODIS/Aqua, MODIS/ · Hyperspectral with spatial Consider any related Terra, PACE, VIIRS resolution 1 km and 1-2 day submissions to Venture revisit for open ocean solicitations, R&A efforts · Multispectral regional imaging with <200 m spatial resolution and <1 day revisit for coastal and inland waters ESAS 2007: 3D-Winds POR lacks 3D horizontal Similar to: Aladin/Aeolus INCUBATION vector winds in the PBL/lower · Lidar, radar, scatterometer, PROGRAM ELEMENT POR: Aladin/Aeolus, QuikSCAT, troposphere or passive radiometry-based CYGNSS, AMVs from GOES, feature tracking methods Also eligible for competition in METEOSAT, MTSAT, MetOp, for the PBL and troposphere Earth System Explorer program VIIRS, MODIS · Sampling with 3-20 km element horizontal, 0.2-1 km vertical, 1-3 h temporal resolution and 1 m/s horizontal, 0.5-1 m/s vertical accuracy continued Read the entire page →
From page 622... ... Ice Elevation · Sea ice: freeboard height (for E determining sea-ice thickness and its C 1c 8a, 8b, 8c 8h changes over time) S 3a · Magnetic field changes H TO-8 W Magnetic Field E C S 5a 5b Read the entire page →
From page 623... ... · Spatial resolution ~4-10 km for global precipitation and snowfall; ~1mm/hr snowfall accuracy ESAS 2007: POR does not include global Similar to: OCO-2, OCO-3, EARTH SYSTEM EXPLORER GEO-CAPE, ASCENDS coverage after OCO-2 and GeoCARB, TEMPO PROGRAM ELEMENT lacks information on vertical · SWIR and TIR sounders to POR: OCO-2, distribution measure CO2, CH4, and CO Recommended for competition OCO-3, GeoCARB, TEMPO, FLEX · Precision of 0.5-1 ppm CO2, 10-20 ppb CH4, and 10-30 ppb CO with spatial resolution to support point source detection ESAS 2007: POR does not include coverage Similar to: ICESat-2, ESA/ EARTH SYSTEM EXPLORER ICESat-2 post-ICESat-2 unless CryoSat-3 CryoSat-2 PROGRAM ELEMENT is approved · Laser or radar altimeter POR: ICESat-2, ESA/CryoSat-2 · Spatial sampling 5 km (0.25 Recommended for competition (2010-present) km near ice-sheet margins) Read the entire page →
From page 624... ... 624 THRIVING ON OUR CHANGING PLANET TABLE C.1 (Continued) Science/Applications Priorities by Panela Targeted Observable Science and Applications Summary MI VI I · Groundwater and water storage mass H 1a, 2c 3b, 4c TO-9 change · Land-ice mass change W Mass Change · Ocean mass change · Glacial isostatic adjustment E · Earthquake mass movement C 1a, 1b, 1d 7d, 7e 1c S 1b, 3a, 5a 6b 4a · Stocks of planktonic biomass H TO-10 · Primary productivity estimates W 3a Ocean Ecosystem Structure · Mixed layer depth · Changes in particle biomass, particle E 1b, 3a 3b, 4b, size, spectral light attenuation 5a, 5b differences C 2d 8d 3d S · Ocean vector wind and wind-stress curl H 4b TO-11 · Surface currents Ocean Surface Winds and Currents · Sea-ice drift and sea-ice extent W 1a, 2a 3a · Ocean/atmosphere momentum exchange E C 4a, 5a, 6a, 3d, 4b, 7a, 8d 7b, 7d, 7e, 8i S · Vertical profiles of ozone, water vapor, H TO-12 CO, NO2, methane, and N2O W 2a, 4a, 6a, 7a, 8a Ozone and Trace Gases · Long-term trends in ozone layer 5a · Factors controlling ozone in UT/LS · Mechanisms of stratosphere- E troposphere exchange C 2g 3f, 3g, 6c, 9a S Read the entire page →
From page 625... ... APPENDIX C 625 Candidate Measurement Related ESAS 2007 and POR Identified Need/Gap Approach ESAS 2017 Disposition ESAS 2007: GRACE-II POR does not include coverage Similar to: GRACE DESIGNATED after GRACE-FO · Measurement of gravity PROGRAM ELEMENT POR: GRACE, GRACE-FO anomaly with spatial resolution of 200 km at the Maximum development cost equator (goal of 50 km or $300 million; ensure continuity less) after GRACE-FO ESAS 2007: ACE, DESDynI POR does not include coverage Similar to: CALIOP/CALIPSO, UNALLOCATED after EarthCARE HSRL-2 airborne instrument POR: CALIOP/CALIPSO, ATLID/ · Multifrequency imaging Consider opportunistic use EarthCARE lidar of data from recommended · Global sampling with 1 km Aerosols TO-2 to address footprint and 2 m vertical TO-10; consider any related resolution to 3 optical submissions to Venture depths solicitations, R&A efforts · Priority coverage of sub polar and polar oceans in spring and fall ESAS 2007: XOVWM POR does not support Similar to: QuikSCAT, EARTH SYSTEM EXPLORER measurement of ocean surface RapidScat with additional PROGRAM ELEMENT POR: Metop/ASCAT, SCATSAT, currents in conjunction with capabilities to measure QuikSCAT, METOP-A, METOP-B, wind ocean currents Recommended for competition CFOSAT · Radar scatterometer and Doppler surface currents · Ocean surface wind accuracy of ~1 m/s or ~0.02 N/m2 at 100 km spatial resolution and 1-2 day temporal resolution · Ocean surface currents with accuracy of ~0.5 m/s at 5 km resolution or ~2 cm/s at 100 km resolution and 1-2 day temporal resolution ESAS 2007: GACM POR does not include vertical Similar to: MLS, HIRDLS, EARTH SYSTEM EXPLORER profiling for species other than SAGE, ACE-FTS PROGRAM ELEMENT POR: MLS/Aura, HIRDLS, SAGE- ozone and aerosol · UV/VIS/IR microwave limb III, ACE-FTS, GOMOS, OMPS/ sounding and UV/VIS/IR Recommended for competition NPP, OMPS/JPSS solar/stellar occultation measurements of ozone, water vapor, CO, NO2, methane, N2O · Sub-km vertical resolution in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere continued Read the entire page →
From page 626... ... E C 8c 8f S 4a 4b, 4c · Soil, root zone moisture H 1a, 2c 2a 4b, 4c, 4d TO-17 · Freeze/thaw, active layer monitoring W 2a 3a Soil Moisture · Evapotranspiration · Gross primary production (GPP) Read the entire page →
From page 627... ... on monthly time scales and 1-degree spatial scales, or 0.1 psu on 10-degree spatial scales ESAS 2007: SWOT, LIST POR does not provide sufficient Similar to: SWOT EARTH SYSTEM EXPLORER spatial resolution and coverage · Radar (Ka/Ku-band) PROGRAM ELEMENT POR: GEDI, needed to quantify snow altimeter or lidar Jason-2/3, SWOT, Sentinel-6A/B processes and storage in · Spatial resolution of 50 m Recommended for competition mountainous terrain with snow depth accuracy of 2-20 cm ESAS 2007: SMAP POR does not include coverage Similar to: SMAP, SMOS UNALLOCATED after SMAP and SMOS · Radar and microwave POR: SMAP, SMOS radiometer Consider any related · Spatial resolution of 100 submissions to Venture m to 1 km (radar) Read the entire page →
From page 628... ... 628 THRIVING ON OUR CHANGING PLANET TABLE C.1 (Continued) Science/Applications Priorities by Panela Targeted Observable Science and Applications Summary MI VI I · Surface geology and biology H 1c 2a, 4a 2b, 3a, TO-18 · Active geologic processes 3b, 3c, 4c, Surface Biology and Geology · Ground and water temperature 4d · GPP W 3a · Snow spectral albedo · Functional traits of terrestrial vegetation E 1c, 2a, 1a 1d, 5a, and inland and near-coastal aquatic 3a 5b, 5c ecosystems C 3a 3c, 3d, 6b, 7e, 8f S 1a 1c, 2b 4b, 4c, 7a · Surface change monitoring H 1c, 2c 4a 4b TO-19 · Ice-sheet dynamics W Surface Deformation and Change · Antarctic grounding line · Permafrost thaw subsidence E C 1c 7b, 8f S 1a, 1b, 1c, 2b, 2c, 4b, 6b, 2a, 3a, 5a, 6a 6c, 6d, 7a 3b, 4a · Bare surface land topography H 2c 2b, 3c, TO-20 · Ice topography 4b, 4d Surface Topography and Vegetation · Vegetation structure W 3a · Shallow water bathymetry E 1b 1e C 1c 8f S 1a, 1b, 1c, 2b, 2c 1d, 4b, 3a, 3b, 4c, 6b, 7a 4a · Horizontal structure of ocean surface H 1c TO-21 height Surface Water Height · Two-dimensional geostrophic velocities · Bathymetry/gravity W 3a · Significant wave height · Tsunami height E · Inland waters/ecosystems · Tides and dissipation of tidal energy · Sea-ice thickness C 1a, 1b 1d, 4a, 4b, 8g, 8i · River flow and terrestrial water storage 6a, 7a, 8a, · River height variations for transport of 8b, 8c material from land to ocean S 3a 1d Read the entire page →
From page 629... ... with ionospheric correction Maximum development · Spatial coverage similar to cost $500 million; provide NISAR with higher spatial continuity after NISAR resolution and shorter repeat cycle (subweekly to daily) ESAS 2007: LIST, DESDynI POR does not provide global Similar to: SRTM and airborne INCUBATION sampling with sufficient topography lidar PROGRAM ELEMENT POR: GEDI, ICESat-2 density · Radar or lidar · Global sampling at 1-5 Consider investment in m resolution and 0.1 m suborbital approaches to meet vertical resolution with needs on a regional basis seasonal repeat ESAS 2007: SWOT POR does not include swath Similar to: SWOT UNALLOCATED altimeter after SWOT · Swath SAR altimetry POR: SWOT · Spatial resolution of ~15 Consider any related km with ~± 2 cm accuracy submissions to Venture and submonthly temporal solicitations, R&A efforts resolution for oceans · Spatial resolution of ~100 m with anomalies in river flow and elevation accurate to ± 20% and weekly temporal resolution for inland waters continued Read the entire page →
From page 630... ... 630 THRIVING ON OUR CHANGING PLANET TABLE C.1 (Continued) Science/Applications Priorities by Panela Targeted Observable Science and Applications Summary MI VI I · Forest 3D canopy height/structure and H 3c TO-22 aboveground biomass W Terrestrial Ecosystem Structure · Changes in aboveground carbon stock from processes such as deforestation E 1b, 3a 1e, 4a, 5a, and forest degradation 5b, 5c C 2d 3c, 8f S 4c a References to panels are abbreviated as follows: Global Hydrological Cycles and Water Resources = "Hydrology" or "H"; Weather and Air Quality: Minutes to Subseasonal = "Weather" or "W"; Marine and Terrestrial Ecosystems and Natural Resource Management = "Ecosystems" or "E"; Climate Variability and Change: Seasonal to Centennial = "Climate" or "C"; and Earth Surface and Interior: Dynamics and Hazards = "Solid Earth" or "S." Read the entire page →
From page 631... ... APPENDIX C 631 Candidate Measurement Related ESAS 2007 and POR Identified Need/Gap Approach ESAS 2017 Disposition ESAS 2007: ACE, DESDynI POR does not include coverage Similar to: GEDI, HSRL-2 EARTH SYSTEM EXPLORER after GEDI airborne instrument PROGRAM ELEMENT POR: GEDI · Imaging lidar · Global sampling with Recommended for competition 10-25 m footprint at 0.25 m as part of a multifunction lidar vertical resolution Read the entire page →

From page 619...

... These entries are thus candidates for new flight opportunities during the ESAS 2017 decade. A summary version of this table, with priority Targeted Observables allocated to flight program elements, is provided in Table 3.3.

Read the entire page →

From page 620...

... 620 THRIVING ON OUR CHANGING PLANET TABLE C.1 Targeted Observables Science/Applications Priorities by Panela Targeted Observable Science and Applications Summary MI VI I · Aerosol/particulate matter optical H 1c TO-1 depth, particle size, speciation W 1a, 2a, 6a, 9a, · Cloud optical depth and cloud 5a 10a Aerosol and Cloud Radiative Properties hydrometeor size for top 1-2 optical depths E C 2h 2g, 5a, 5c, 3d, 4d, 7a 5b, 5d, 7b, 9a S 1a · Aerosol extinction profiles H 2b TO-2 · Column integrated cloud properties W 1a, 2a, 6a, 9a 5a Aerosol Vertical Profiles E C 2a, 2h 2g, 5a, 5c 5b, 5d, 7b, 8g, 9a S 1a · Distribution, composition, and H 3a, 3b TO-3 functioning of aquatic ecosystems and W Aquatic-Coastal Biogeochemistry their biogeochemical impacts · Chlorophyll, particulate organic carbon E 1c, 3a 1a 2b, 3b, and primary production 4a, 4b, · Phytoplankton biomass and 5a, 5b composition C 2d 3c, 4d, 5b, 7b S · 3D wind, in troposphere/PBL H 2a, 4a 4b TO-4 · Cloud dynamics W 1a, 2a, 9a, 10a · Convection 4a Atmospheric Winds E C 4a, 5a, 7a, 3f, 4b, 5b, 7c 7b, 7d, 7e, 8i S

Read the entire page →

From page 621...

... APPENDIX C 621 Candidate Measurement Related ESAS 2007 and POR Identified Need/Gap Approach ESAS 2017 Disposition ESAS 2007: ACE POR has no multi-angle Similar to: MISR, MODIS, DESIGNATED polarimeter post-MAIA, and MAIA PROGRAM ELEMENT POR: MISR/Terra, MODIS/Terra, reduced spatial coverage · Multichannel/multiangle/ MODIS/Aqua, MAIA, VIIRS, MSI/ post-MISR polarization imaging Joint implementation with EarthCARE, 3MI/MetOp-SG radiometer TO-2, maximum development · Moderate spatial resolution cost $800 million ESAS 2007: ACE POR has no backscatter lidar Similar to: CALIOP/CALIPSO, DESIGNATED post-EarthCARE ATLID/EarthCARE PROGRAM ELEMENT POR: ATLID/EarthCARE, · Lidar extinction profiles CALIOP/CALIPSO from backscatter or high Joint implementation with spectral resolution lidar TO-1, maximum development · Horizontal resolution cost $800 million ~100 m-1 km; vertical resolution similar or better than CALIPSO ESAS 2007: ACE, GEO-CAPE POR does not provide high Similar to: GEO-CAPE UNALLOCATED temporal resolution · Imaging radiometer POR: MODIS/Aqua, MODIS/ · Hyperspectral with spatial Consider any related Terra, PACE, VIIRS resolution 1 km and 1-2 day submissions to Venture revisit for open ocean solicitations, R&A efforts · Multispectral regional imaging with <200 m spatial resolution and <1 day revisit for coastal and inland waters ESAS 2007: 3D-Winds POR lacks 3D horizontal Similar to: Aladin/Aeolus INCUBATION vector winds in the PBL/lower · Lidar, radar, scatterometer, PROGRAM ELEMENT POR: Aladin/Aeolus, QuikSCAT, troposphere or passive radiometry-based CYGNSS, AMVs from GOES, feature tracking methods Also eligible for competition in METEOSAT, MTSAT, MetOp, for the PBL and troposphere Earth System Explorer program VIIRS, MODIS · Sampling with 3-20 km element horizontal, 0.2-1 km vertical, 1-3 h temporal resolution and 1 m/s horizontal, 0.5-1 m/s vertical accuracy continued

Read the entire page →

From page 622...

... Ice Elevation · Sea ice: freeboard height (for E determining sea-ice thickness and its C 1c 8a, 8b, 8c 8h changes over time) S 3a · Magnetic field changes H TO-8 W Magnetic Field E C S 5a 5b

Read the entire page →

From page 623...

... · Spatial resolution ~4-10 km for global precipitation and snowfall; ~1mm/hr snowfall accuracy ESAS 2007: POR does not include global Similar to: OCO-2, OCO-3, EARTH SYSTEM EXPLORER GEO-CAPE, ASCENDS coverage after OCO-2 and GeoCARB, TEMPO PROGRAM ELEMENT lacks information on vertical · SWIR and TIR sounders to POR: OCO-2, distribution measure CO2, CH4, and CO Recommended for competition OCO-3, GeoCARB, TEMPO, FLEX · Precision of 0.5-1 ppm CO2, 10-20 ppb CH4, and 10-30 ppb CO with spatial resolution to support point source detection ESAS 2007: POR does not include coverage Similar to: ICESat-2, ESA/ EARTH SYSTEM EXPLORER ICESat-2 post-ICESat-2 unless CryoSat-3 CryoSat-2 PROGRAM ELEMENT is approved · Laser or radar altimeter POR: ICESat-2, ESA/CryoSat-2 · Spatial sampling 5 km (0.25 Recommended for competition (2010-present) km near ice-sheet margins)

Read the entire page →

From page 624...

... 624 THRIVING ON OUR CHANGING PLANET TABLE C.1 (Continued) Science/Applications Priorities by Panela Targeted Observable Science and Applications Summary MI VI I · Groundwater and water storage mass H 1a, 2c 3b, 4c TO-9 change · Land-ice mass change W Mass Change · Ocean mass change · Glacial isostatic adjustment E · Earthquake mass movement C 1a, 1b, 1d 7d, 7e 1c S 1b, 3a, 5a 6b 4a · Stocks of planktonic biomass H TO-10 · Primary productivity estimates W 3a Ocean Ecosystem Structure · Mixed layer depth · Changes in particle biomass, particle E 1b, 3a 3b, 4b, size, spectral light attenuation 5a, 5b differences C 2d 8d 3d S · Ocean vector wind and wind-stress curl H 4b TO-11 · Surface currents Ocean Surface Winds and Currents · Sea-ice drift and sea-ice extent W 1a, 2a 3a · Ocean/atmosphere momentum exchange E C 4a, 5a, 6a, 3d, 4b, 7a, 8d 7b, 7d, 7e, 8i S · Vertical profiles of ozone, water vapor, H TO-12 CO, NO2, methane, and N2O W 2a, 4a, 6a, 7a, 8a Ozone and Trace Gases · Long-term trends in ozone layer 5a · Factors controlling ozone in UT/LS · Mechanisms of stratosphere- E troposphere exchange C 2g 3f, 3g, 6c, 9a S

Read the entire page →

From page 625...

... APPENDIX C 625 Candidate Measurement Related ESAS 2007 and POR Identified Need/Gap Approach ESAS 2017 Disposition ESAS 2007: GRACE-II POR does not include coverage Similar to: GRACE DESIGNATED after GRACE-FO · Measurement of gravity PROGRAM ELEMENT POR: GRACE, GRACE-FO anomaly with spatial resolution of 200 km at the Maximum development cost equator (goal of 50 km or $300 million; ensure continuity less) after GRACE-FO ESAS 2007: ACE, DESDynI POR does not include coverage Similar to: CALIOP/CALIPSO, UNALLOCATED after EarthCARE HSRL-2 airborne instrument POR: CALIOP/CALIPSO, ATLID/ · Multifrequency imaging Consider opportunistic use EarthCARE lidar of data from recommended · Global sampling with 1 km Aerosols TO-2 to address footprint and 2 m vertical TO-10; consider any related resolution to 3 optical submissions to Venture depths solicitations, R&A efforts · Priority coverage of sub polar and polar oceans in spring and fall ESAS 2007: XOVWM POR does not support Similar to: QuikSCAT, EARTH SYSTEM EXPLORER measurement of ocean surface RapidScat with additional PROGRAM ELEMENT POR: Metop/ASCAT, SCATSAT, currents in conjunction with capabilities to measure QuikSCAT, METOP-A, METOP-B, wind ocean currents Recommended for competition CFOSAT · Radar scatterometer and Doppler surface currents · Ocean surface wind accuracy of ~1 m/s or ~0.02 N/m2 at 100 km spatial resolution and 1-2 day temporal resolution · Ocean surface currents with accuracy of ~0.5 m/s at 5 km resolution or ~2 cm/s at 100 km resolution and 1-2 day temporal resolution ESAS 2007: GACM POR does not include vertical Similar to: MLS, HIRDLS, EARTH SYSTEM EXPLORER profiling for species other than SAGE, ACE-FTS PROGRAM ELEMENT POR: MLS/Aura, HIRDLS, SAGE- ozone and aerosol · UV/VIS/IR microwave limb III, ACE-FTS, GOMOS, OMPS/ sounding and UV/VIS/IR Recommended for competition NPP, OMPS/JPSS solar/stellar occultation measurements of ozone, water vapor, CO, NO2, methane, N2O · Sub-km vertical resolution in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere continued

Read the entire page →

From page 626...

... E C 8c 8f S 4a 4b, 4c · Soil, root zone moisture H 1a, 2c 2a 4b, 4c, 4d TO-17 · Freeze/thaw, active layer monitoring W 2a 3a Soil Moisture · Evapotranspiration · Gross primary production (GPP)

Read the entire page →

From page 627...

... on monthly time scales and 1-degree spatial scales, or 0.1 psu on 10-degree spatial scales ESAS 2007: SWOT, LIST POR does not provide sufficient Similar to: SWOT EARTH SYSTEM EXPLORER spatial resolution and coverage · Radar (Ka/Ku-band) PROGRAM ELEMENT POR: GEDI, needed to quantify snow altimeter or lidar Jason-2/3, SWOT, Sentinel-6A/B processes and storage in · Spatial resolution of 50 m Recommended for competition mountainous terrain with snow depth accuracy of 2-20 cm ESAS 2007: SMAP POR does not include coverage Similar to: SMAP, SMOS UNALLOCATED after SMAP and SMOS · Radar and microwave POR: SMAP, SMOS radiometer Consider any related · Spatial resolution of 100 submissions to Venture m to 1 km (radar)

Read the entire page →

From page 628...

... 628 THRIVING ON OUR CHANGING PLANET TABLE C.1 (Continued) Science/Applications Priorities by Panela Targeted Observable Science and Applications Summary MI VI I · Surface geology and biology H 1c 2a, 4a 2b, 3a, TO-18 · Active geologic processes 3b, 3c, 4c, Surface Biology and Geology · Ground and water temperature 4d · GPP W 3a · Snow spectral albedo · Functional traits of terrestrial vegetation E 1c, 2a, 1a 1d, 5a, and inland and near-coastal aquatic 3a 5b, 5c ecosystems C 3a 3c, 3d, 6b, 7e, 8f S 1a 1c, 2b 4b, 4c, 7a · Surface change monitoring H 1c, 2c 4a 4b TO-19 · Ice-sheet dynamics W Surface Deformation and Change · Antarctic grounding line · Permafrost thaw subsidence E C 1c 7b, 8f S 1a, 1b, 1c, 2b, 2c, 4b, 6b, 2a, 3a, 5a, 6a 6c, 6d, 7a 3b, 4a · Bare surface land topography H 2c 2b, 3c, TO-20 · Ice topography 4b, 4d Surface Topography and Vegetation · Vegetation structure W 3a · Shallow water bathymetry E 1b 1e C 1c 8f S 1a, 1b, 1c, 2b, 2c 1d, 4b, 3a, 3b, 4c, 6b, 7a 4a · Horizontal structure of ocean surface H 1c TO-21 height Surface Water Height · Two-dimensional geostrophic velocities · Bathymetry/gravity W 3a · Significant wave height · Tsunami height E · Inland waters/ecosystems · Tides and dissipation of tidal energy · Sea-ice thickness C 1a, 1b 1d, 4a, 4b, 8g, 8i · River flow and terrestrial water storage 6a, 7a, 8a, · River height variations for transport of 8b, 8c material from land to ocean S 3a 1d

Read the entire page →

From page 629...

... with ionospheric correction Maximum development · Spatial coverage similar to cost $500 million; provide NISAR with higher spatial continuity after NISAR resolution and shorter repeat cycle (subweekly to daily) ESAS 2007: LIST, DESDynI POR does not provide global Similar to: SRTM and airborne INCUBATION sampling with sufficient topography lidar PROGRAM ELEMENT POR: GEDI, ICESat-2 density · Radar or lidar · Global sampling at 1-5 Consider investment in m resolution and 0.1 m suborbital approaches to meet vertical resolution with needs on a regional basis seasonal repeat ESAS 2007: SWOT POR does not include swath Similar to: SWOT UNALLOCATED altimeter after SWOT · Swath SAR altimetry POR: SWOT · Spatial resolution of ~15 Consider any related km with ~± 2 cm accuracy submissions to Venture and submonthly temporal solicitations, R&A efforts resolution for oceans · Spatial resolution of ~100 m with anomalies in river flow and elevation accurate to ± 20% and weekly temporal resolution for inland waters continued

Read the entire page →

From page 630...

... 630 THRIVING ON OUR CHANGING PLANET TABLE C.1 (Continued) Science/Applications Priorities by Panela Targeted Observable Science and Applications Summary MI VI I · Forest 3D canopy height/structure and H 3c TO-22 aboveground biomass W Terrestrial Ecosystem Structure · Changes in aboveground carbon stock from processes such as deforestation E 1b, 3a 1e, 4a, 5a, and forest degradation 5b, 5c C 2d 3c, 8f S 4c a References to panels are abbreviated as follows: Global Hydrological Cycles and Water Resources = "Hydrology" or "H"; Weather and Air Quality: Minutes to Subseasonal = "Weather" or "W"; Marine and Terrestrial Ecosystems and Natural Resource Management = "Ecosystems" or "E"; Climate Variability and Change: Seasonal to Centennial = "Climate" or "C"; and Earth Surface and Interior: Dynamics and Hazards = "Solid Earth" or "S."

Read the entire page →

From page 631...

... APPENDIX C 631 Candidate Measurement Related ESAS 2007 and POR Identified Need/Gap Approach ESAS 2017 Disposition ESAS 2007: ACE, DESDynI POR does not include coverage Similar to: GEDI, HSRL-2 EARTH SYSTEM EXPLORER after GEDI airborne instrument PROGRAM ELEMENT POR: GEDI · Imaging lidar · Global sampling with Recommended for competition 10-25 m footprint at 0.25 m as part of a multifunction lidar vertical resolution

Read the entire page →

← Previous Chapter Skim

Next Chapter Skim →

This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More information on Chapter Skim is available.

Appendix C: Targeted Observables Table Pages 619-631

Appendix C: Targeted Observables Table
Pages 619-631