Thriving on Our Changing Planet A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space (2018) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Appendix D: Request for Information and Responses from the Community
Appendix D: Request for Information and Responses from the Community
Pages 632-650
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 632... ...
, the Board on Earth Sciences and Resources (BESR) , the Ocean Studies Board (OSB)
|
From page 633... ...
In a change from the previous survey, recommendations in the 2017 decadal survey will generally refer to Earth science and applications targets (i.e., an objective or a set of objectives that could be pursued and significantly advanced by means of a space-based observation) and the required measurements to address those targets rather than specific mission implementations.
|
From page 634... ...
.2 2As discussed in Continuity of NASA Earth Observations from Space, examples of Quantified Earth Science Objectives -- provided by the authoring committee solely to illustrate the methodology -- include "Narrow the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
|
From page 635... ...
uncertainty in equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) (1.5 to 6°C at 90% confidence)
|
From page 636... ...
10 White Paper for the ESAS 2017 Decadal Survey This white paper summarizes the scientific and application benefits of on Hyperspectral 3D Atmospheric Motion Vector observations of the 3D wind field together with high spatial resolution Winds and High Spatial Resolution IR Sounding observations of the thermodynamic field, describes the requirements framework and the current state of technology for implementation.
|
From page 637... ...
We also provide in Appendix A two QESOs for TOA and surface radiation budget. 13 A global ocean science target for the coming This white paper describes an observational framework to significantly decade: Response to the 2017 NRC Decadal Survey reduce uncertainties assoicated with a key ocean science QESO.
|
From page 638... ...
Better characterization of radiative forcing, and air quality aerosol vertical distributions from lidar measurements are required to complement passive aerosol retrievals and improve model estimates of aerosol transport, radiative forcing, and air quality. 23 Determining sea surface air pressure and gradient Quantified Objective: Determining sea surface air pressure and with precise measurements for reliable longer-term gradient with precise measurements of 1 mbar and 1 mbar/10 km, storm track and intensification predictions respectively, for reliable longer-term storm track and intensification predictions For Earth system Science theme II.
|
From page 639... ...
31 High resolution atmospheric temperature and How are local near-surface atmospheric temperature and humidity water vapor observations to improve drought and controlled by fine-scale variations in emissivity and topography? vector borne disease predictions and weather High-resolution hyperspectral infrared observations can provide forecasting surface and atmospheric quantities.
|
From page 640... ...
49 Lidar-Optical Fusion for High-resolution This proposal outlines measurement requirements for cryosphere and Measurements of Ice and Vegetation Change ecosystem science objectives using a combination of lidar and optical measurements from a single space-based observatory. 50 Evapotranspiration: A Critical Variable Linking This White Paper describes Evapotranspiration (ET)
|
From page 641... ...
Remote Earthquake Faults using Geodetic and Topographic sensing provides measurements of transient and long-term crustal Imaging deformation, which are needed to improve our understanding of earthquake processes. This white paper recommends topographic imaging in the necessary context of geodetic crustal deformation measurements.
|
From page 642... ...
A continuing global record of changing subsurface water storage is necessary for better understanding of hydrologic extreme events, monitoring of global water resources, and evaluation of global land surface models. 66 Science and Application Targets Addressed with New and important science and application targets, in this time of the 2007 Decadal Survey HyspIRI Mission Current rapid environmental change, that are addressed with the evolved Baseline 2007 Decadal Survey HyspIRI mission concept with combined global 16 day revisit imaging spectroscopy and 4 day revisit thermal multispectral measurements.
|
From page 643... ...
78 Linkages of salinity with ocean circulation, water This white paper addresses the enhancement of capability for space cycle, and climate variability based measurements of global sea surface salinity (SSS) and sea ice thickness to study the linkages of ocean circulation with the water cycle and climate variability, as well as to facilitate biogeochemistry research.
|
From page 644... ...
92 Maintaining and Improving Upper Air Temperature The white paper demonstrates the importance of a mission to directly Records measure the diurnal cycle of the upper air temperature, and proposes an inexpensive mission based on precessing microsatellites to make the required measurements in concert with existing operational satellites. 93 Characterizing evapotranspiration, ecosystem To achieve further understanding of the impact of stress on productivity and water stress to address global ecosystem productivity and water availability, simultaneous food and water security measurements across the electromagnetic spectrum are needed.
|
From page 645... ...
98 Constraining Atmospheric Ice Processes with Advancing capabilities for observing and predicting the coupled Coincident Measurements of Ice Mass and Cloud hydrological cycle and energy balance responses to environmental Vertical Motion forcings through coordinated multi-frequency Doppler radar and sub millimeter radiometer measurements of ice mass, vertical motion, and precipitation. 99 Quantum Gravity Gradiometer and the Next The focus of this white paper is to propose a Quantum Gravity Generation Gravity Mission Gradiometer based on atomic interferometry as the technological observational path to making significant time variable gravity measurement improvements in the coming decade.
|
From page 646... ...
Climate Variability and Change: Seasonal to Centennial." It is also relevant to panels I & III. 106 The Long-term Challenge of Detecting Quantified Earth Science Objective: Measure the global, annual Unambiguous Trends in Stratospheric Temperature temperature trend in stratospheric layers to better than 0.1 K/decade at the 95% confidence level in the lower (30 km)
|
From page 647... ...
117 Constraining Climate Sensitivity Using Satellite This white paper explains why the Earth Science community Humidity Observations must invest on improving current state-of-the-art water vapor measurements and describes the science requirements needed. It suggests possible ways to achieve this task by current and future space-based platforms.
|
From page 648... ...
number concentration over the ocean to within a factor of two of the measured values are required to constrain reduce indirect forcing uncertainties in climate anthropogenic aerosol indirect effect in climate models. Such high models accuracy in CCN retrievals can be achieved by the most capable High Spectral Resolution Lidar that is envisioned for the NASA ACE mission 127 Constraining Upper Bounds On Global Sea Level This white paper attempts to provide an affordable, prioritized, list of Rise Over The Next Century cross-cutting geophysical measurements that are most important for constraining the upper bound of sea level rise projections.
|
From page 649... ...
136 Understanding glaciers and ice sheets response to Desired geophysical observations for improving understanding of changes in atmosphere and ocean conditions glacier and ice sheet processes relevant to improving projections of sea level change. The three key variables identified are repeat measurements of surface velocity, gravity and elevation.
|
From page 650... ...
We recommend hyperspectral thermal infrared measurements to lift the water veil. 151 3D Vegetation Structure and Dynamics In this white paper we propose to measure fine-scale 3D forest structure and its rate of changes over time using radar technology to (1)
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.