Opportunities in Intense Ultrafast Lasers Reaching for the Brightest Light (2018) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix D: Medical Applications of Lasers
Appendix D: Medical Applications of Lasers
Pages 267-275
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From page 267... ...
Krol, and J.C. K ieffer, 2011, Initial steps towards imaging tumors during their irradiation by protons with the 200TW laser at the Advanced Laser Light Source facility (ALLS)
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From page 268... ...
In-line X-ray phase-contrast imaging provided improved density resolution imaging with applications in soft tissue biomedical imaging; it requires an X-ray source with a very small effective size so as to be spatially coherent. In 2005 a laser-based hard X-ray source was first demonstrated to produce high quality in line phase-contrast imaging with a single pulse.
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From page 269... ...
is now the leading method for determining the internal microstructure of human bone. It requires, however, higher beam energy to be medically relevant.
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From page 270... ...
Global research is under way, with the hope that laser-accelerated proton beams can become the dominant technology for proton radiotherapy. However, this goal is still a long way off: laser-driven hadron accelerators must have medically relevant beam parameters and performance levels suitable for clinical usage.5 Research to ward the practicality of laser-accelerated ion beam therapy for cancer patients is under way in a number of countries.6 D2.1 Initial Biological Experiments In 2009 the first experiments to demonstrate the biological effects of high current, short-bunch ion beams accelerated by lasers took place in Japan.
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From page 271... ...
.7 This initial research was followed by groups of researchers in a number of countries to determine the dose dependence and to better understand the biological damage created in tumor cells. A group in Dresden, Germany, formed a collaboration between medical personnel and physicists to study dose-dependent biological damage due to irradiation of in vitro tumor cells with laser-accelerated proton pulses.8 D2.2 Recent Progress Toward Cancer Therapy Progress in Japan was achieved in 2011 by modifying the previous J-KAREN laser system to produce a monoenergetic proton beamline for laser-generated rotons.9 p The experiments were planned to determine the relative biological effective ess for n cell inactivation by laser-accelerated MeV ions of cultured cancer cells from the 7 A
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From page 272... ...
The LIBRA program, centered at The Queen's University of Belfast, realized that practical systems will require significant improvements from the performance of today's laser-driven accelerators.11 The next year, in a collaboration with University of Birmingham and its hos pital as well as the Ion Beam Centre at University of Surrey, the same researchers studied proton irradiation and the biological effect of proton irradiation on human V79 cells and compared it to data obtained with the same cell line irradiated with an X-ray source with peak 225 kV energy conventionally accelerated protons. They saw a similar relative biological effectiveness in killing cells as was seen in Japan: the Relative Biological effectiveness was 1.4, which means the protons were 40 percent more likely to kill cells at the same dose rate than the X-rays.12 Recent research in Munich with the 200 TW ARCTURUS laser system at the University of Düsseldorf, Germany, found that laser-accelerated proton bunches might provide a real advantage over the longer synchrotron pulses.
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For example, the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba, Japan, had a construction cost of almost 300 million dollars, but it can treat only 200 patients a year -- a small fraction of cases that could benefit from this form of cancer therapy. Motivated by a desire to reduce the size and cost of radiotherapy facilities, researchers in Japan are setting out to combine a 100 TW, 20 fs laser with a special purpose pulsed synchrotron that will accelerate carbon ions.
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These high repetition rates will be needed for use in cancer therapy or radioisotope production, and upgrades to simultaneously increase intensity and repetition rates are the direction of their research. D2.4 Medical Research Under Extreme Light Infrastructure The Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI)
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Many chemical compounds can be labeled with positron emitting isotopes, and their bio-distribution can be determined through PET imaging as a function of time: "Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful diagnostic/imaging technique requiring the production of the short-lived positron emitting isotopes 11C, 13N, 15O, and 18F by proton irradiation of natural/enriched targets using cyclotrons.
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