Opportunities in Intense Ultrafast Lasers Reaching for the Brightest Light (2018) / Chapter Skim
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4 International Landscape
4 International Landscape
Pages 71-84
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From page 71... ...
In these systems, for a fleeting moment, a laser pulse can be produced that has an instantaneous power that dwarfs the global electricity supply, which can be focused to power densities about 22 orders of magnitude greater than sunlight. Consequently, any matter that the laser interacts with is rapidly subject to extreme change, generally becoming transformed into its fourth state -- plasma.
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From page 72... ...
The application and relevant science depends heavily on the exact nature of the parameters of the laser and the geometry of the interaction; the number and scope of applications are many and are described in Chapters 5 and 6. 4.2 GLOBAL TRENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS The introduction included Figure 4.1, the ICUIL world map, which shows the broadly global distribution of high-power laser facilities and research centers.
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From page 73... ...
Barty, L awrence Livermore National Laboratory. FIGURE 4.2 Bubblechart of total peak power for operational, under construction, and proposed high power laser facilities.
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From page 74... ...
This is due to a rapid increase in the number of systems under construction in these regions, while the United States has remained level since 2012. This has not stopped the global trend showing significant growth in the number of systems -- the dashed line in Figure 4.3 shows the continuation of this growth by systems that are planned but that currently have no published completion date.
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From page 75... ...
These projects and others like them will be discussed in more detail in Section 4.3. Changing focus to the distribution of PW-enabling technology within each major region shows another difference between North America and Europe.
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From page 76... ...
SOURCE: J Collier, Rutherford Central Laser Facility.
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From page 77... ...
. This somewhat complicated graph contains a strong message; FIGURE 4.6 Operational dates of PW-class facilities according to their maximum peak power output.
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From page 78... ...
One of the most important recent technological advances in this area is the use of diode laser pumping architectures. Here, efficient diode pump lasers replace inefficient flash lamps that generate large amounts of excess thermal energy, which must be removed or managed.
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From page 79... ...
In terms of diode-pumped Ti:S systems, there are only two systems currently planned or under construction in the world -- the ELI Beamlines L3 laser,6 which is being constructed by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in the United States, and the 10 Hz PW system currently planned for construction by the CLF in the United Kingdom.
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From page 80... ...
involvement in the fourth pillar depend on future investments as discussed in Section 7 of the report, particularly Conclusions 6 and 7 and Recommendations 3 and 4. ERIC - The ERIC is a form of intergovernmental agreement among EU nations, enshrined in European law, that has been specifically developed to support pan European research infrastructures, where arrangements are needed that transcend national boundaries.
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From page 81... ...
However, if one separates this search down to individual countries, as shown in Figure 4.10, then the United States is shown to be the most active single country in terms of total number of publications. The percentage shown is the fraction of publications that include at least one author from that country.
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From page 82... ...
SOURCE: John Collier, Rutherford Central Laser Facility. FIGURE 4.10 World map showing the total percentage share of publications in the field of PW-class lasers for top 10 countries (based on WoS search described in Appendix C1)
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From page 83... ...
If this interest from the user community TABLE 4.1 The Top 15 Organizations within the Publications Search, the Number of Publica tions with Associated Authors, and Their Percentage of the Total Number Organizations (Enhanced) Number of Records % of Total UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY DOE 1677 7.773 CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE CNRS 1046 4.848 CEA 1022 4.737 RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 999 4.63 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY 945 4.38 CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 824 3.819 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SYSTEM 768 3.56 UNIVERSITE PARIS SACLAY COMUE 666 3.087 OSAKA UNIVERSITY 516 2.392 ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE 514 2.382 MAX PLANCK SOCIETY 487 2.257 STFC RUTHERFORD APPLETON LABORATORY 391 1.812 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 355 1.645 PIERRE MARIE CURIE UNIVERSITY PARIS 6 355 1.645 CZECH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 334 1.548 SOURCE: WoS analytics.
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From page 84... ...
84 Opportunities in I n t e n s e U lt r a fa s t L a s e r s were to be matched by funding and development of new facilities, one would expect this lead to be maintained in the least and potentially increase. This analysis has contributed to Conclusion 3 of this report (see Chapter 7)
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