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1 Introduction
Pages 9-15

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From page 9...
... Given the for example, is composed of several trillion microcomplexity and resource constraints, EPA and bial cells -- and its vast diversity, human beings are NIEHS asked the National Academies of Sciences, now regarded as ecosystems that are comprised of Engineering, and Medicine to develop a research distinct ecologic niches or habitats, each housing a strategy to improve our understanding of the inter- discrete collection of coevolved bacteria, archaea, actions between environmental chemicals and the viruses, and lower and higher eukaryotes (Oh et al. human microbiome and the implications of those 2014)
From page 10...
... • Metabolizes environmental chemicals, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. FIGURE 1-1 The gut microbiome plays important roles in human physiology and metabolism and functions as an ecologic niche that has an interface with the environment.
From page 11...
... The precise timescale ronmental chemicals, but epidemiology (human) over which that occurs is still a matter of much de- studies have provided the primary evidence on bate; recent reports suggest appreciable functional some chemicals, such as arsenic and formaldediversification and microbial niche specialization as hyde.
From page 12...
... It will also assess what is known about how effects might differ depending on, for example, life stage or interindividual differences. The committee will then develop a research strategy that identifies the types of studies needed to improve understanding of how different microbiome communities can affect chemical absorption and metabolism, how population variation in microbiome activity might affect individual chemical exposure, and the effect of chemical exposure on microbiome functions and possible implications for human health risk.
From page 13...
... In vitro refers to an experimental process that is carried out in an artificial setting by using biologic specimens or materials that have not been directly isolated from an organism -- such as immortalized cell lines, laboratory microbial strains, or purified proteins -- or by using microbial communities outside their typical setting or by using any combination of those components. In vivo refers to an experimental process that is conducted in a whole organism, such as a rodent or primate.
From page 14...
... Third, although the infant microbiome community structure and function committee acknowledges that some interactions of across multiple body sites and in relation to mode of deenvironmental chemicals and the human microbi- livery.
From page 15...
... 2012. Diversity, stability, and resilience biota metabolism of dietary fiber influences allergic air of the human gut microbiota.


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