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Pages 1-8

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From page 1...
... Because of the vast diversity tween environmental chemicals and the human mi- and sheer amount of microbial life that colonizes crobiome and the implications of those interactions the human body, human beings are now regarded for human health risk. They also asked the National as ecosystems that are comprised of distinct ecoAcademies to identify barriers to such research logic niches or habitats, each housing a discrete and opportunities for collaboration.1 As a result collection of coevolved microorganisms that interof the request, the National Academies convened act extensively with each other and with the human the Committee on Advancing Understanding of the host.
From page 2...
... The site-specific differences in microbial composition yield differences in metabolic capacity and INTERACTIONS BETWEEEN in the aggregate function of the human microbiome. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS Multiple factors also play roles in the variation ob- AND THE HUMAN MICROBIOME served among individual body sites.
From page 3...
... Increas- lism of environmental chemicals represented in a ing evidence suggests that there are intimate bi- given microbiome. Furthermore, it is important to directional interactions between the microbiota note that each interaction can conceptually increase and epithelial cells, wherein the composition and or decrease chemical exposure, and that the role of activity of the gut microbiota, for example, mod- the interactions in modifying human susceptibility ulates the structure and function of the intestinal to toxicity at environmentally relevant exposures epithelium and vice versa.
From page 4...
... derstanding of how perturbations of the human mi Studies on chemical–microbiome interactions crobiome might cause or contribute to the developand their consequences suggest that further re- ment of various diseases is in its infancy, so the task search could substantially advance understanding of understanding how environmental chemicals fit of human health risk posed by exposure to envi- into the picture is even more difficult than it might ronmental chemicals. Specifically, research might otherwise be.
From page 5...
... To The Role of the Human address the question posed, the research program Microbiome in Modulating should focus on defining toxicity end points for the Environmental-Chemical Exposure microbiome, on identifying environmental chemicals that can perturb the microbiome structurally The question for this research to answer is, and functionally, and on using animal and epide- What is the role of the human microbiome in modmiology studies to demonstrate that microbiome ulating absorption, distribution, metabolism (actiperturbations by environmental chemicals cause vation or inactivation) , and elimination (ADME)
From page 6...
... Two aspects of microbiome variation need to be investigated. The first is the microbiome vari- Barriers to Research ation in the human population; the question is whether knowledge of population variation in the To accomplish the research described in the human microbiome improves understanding of in- committee's report, tools will need to be develdividual health risks and susceptibility to effects oped, and barriers will need to be overcome.
From page 7...
... Lack of standardization the segregation of such research programs poses in experimental approaches results in an inability a major barrier to advancing knowledge on interto reproduce findings related to chemical–micro- actions between environmental chemicals and the biome interactions. Investigators need to control human microbiome and the implications of the inand disclose variables relevant to microbiome as- teractions for human health risk.
From page 8...
... it should also be possible to determine whether new information is gained by studying the effects CONCLUDING REMARKS of chemicals on the human microbiome, the role of the human microbiome in modulating chemical Implementation of the committee's proposed exposures, or both. The research should lead to the research strategy should substantially advance type of information needed to assess the imporunderstanding of whether and to what extent the tance of the human microbiome as a contributor human microbiome affects the nature and magni- to human health risks associated with exposures to tude of adverse health effects caused by exposures environmental chemicals and thus permit informed to environmental chemicals.


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