In-Time Aviation Safety Management Challenges and Research for an Evolving Aviation System (2018) / Chapter Skim
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The safety assurance system envisioned by NASA will combine air traffic and onboard aircraft technologies as well as automated data mining capabilities for continuous safety monitoring and threat prediction.1 This system is expected to maintain or exceed the current level of aviation safety while accommodating global increases in air travel and rapid introduction of new technologies. The RSSA system would not be expected to directly address issues related to design, development, training, or maintenance because the detection of problems in these areas and the process of implementing corrective actions falls outside the short time horizon of an RSSA.
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Additionally, data regarding operator performance cannot currently be collected in a timely fashion, or at all, in part because of privacy and related concerns.10 • System Analytics. Sophisticated algorithms and computational architectures will play a central role in the assessment function by interpreting and analyzing the state of the NAS and identifying elevated risk states, which then form the basis for mitigating actions to maintain safe operations.
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The concept of real-time system-wide safety assurance should be approached in terms of an in-time aviation safety management system (IASMS) that continuously monitors the national airspace system, assesses the data that it has collected, and then either recommends or initiates safety assurance actions as necessary.
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In some cases when urgent action is required, IASMS may be designed to initiate safety assurance actions on their own. HIGH-PRIORITY RESEARCH TOPICS In order for an IASMS to properly function in accordance with the intended vision, research is required in each of the four system elements described above: CONOPS and risk prioritization, system monitoring, system analytics, and mitigation and implementation.
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Also, as the safety of various elements of the NAS improves and as the probability threshold for a risk to be mitigated lowers, the number of elevated risk states that should be considered for mitigation will increase. Because any mitigation approach will introduce some cost into the system, risk prioritization is needed to facilitate development of an affordable IASMS.
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, and original equipment manufacturers -- that these methods are adequate. SYSTEM ANALYTICS In-time Algorithms This research project would develop robust and reliable algorithms that can assess large volumes of heterogeneous data of varying quality to simultaneously identify and predict elevated risk states of many different types and that are fast enough to meet in-time requirements.
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This research is urgent because data repositories and computational architectures will provide the backbone of the IASMS operational system and are therefore needed early in the IASMS research effort. MITIGATION AND IMPLEMENTATION In-time Mitigation Techniques This research project would, for the high-priority risks that fall within the scope of the IASMS CONOPS, identify those risks for which adequate mitigation techniques do not currently exist and develop approaches and technologies necessary to implement timely mitigation.
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Many of the future data sources needed for the successful adoption of a fully functional IASMS, however, will require new and sophisticated onboard equipment along with the adoption of ground infrastructure and data processing capability. Airline operations in the NAS are already extremely safe -- and given the limited financial resources of airlines and other operators -- the ability to adopt new and potentially costly investments in a new safety system such as an IASMS will not easily pass the traditional cost-to-benefit ratio for adoption.
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