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8 Man vs. Machine or Man Machine?
Pages 27-30

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From page 27...
... Cummings began with a discussion of human supervisory control, the situation in which a human is trying to execute a task and that process is mediated by a computer at some point. She then cautioned about focusing on specific numerical elements when considering general levels of automation and discussed numerical elements associated with levels of automation: "As an engineering professor I find levels of automation to be a very frustrating topic for my students, because my students are very literal, and when you say levels of automation, like many other literal people in the world that you're talking to, they think okay then, if you tell me there's a level five I'm going to design to level five.
From page 28...
... Potential deficiencies like these are a signal to aviation officials in case "brittle" AI techniques become embedded in future aviationrelated systems. Cummings observed that the strengths and weaknesses in visual recognition apply to both humans and automation techniques, so it raises the question of how and why a human should be replaced with a robot.
From page 29...
... But human factors know-how will be necessary for the future workforce, which will be changing by reeducation and retraining: today's cab drivers may become tomorrow's robot maintainers. She said people will continue to be pushed up the SRKE axis, with robots at the lower end and humans at the upper end.


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