Review of the Draft Fourth National Climate Assessment (2018) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix B: Line Comments
Appendix B: Line Comments
Pages 139-184
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From page 139... ...
7 General The Committee generally found the redundancy within chapters due to repetitious text in the executive summaries, main text, and traceable accounts to be cumbersome. Depending on how the final NCA4 report and derivative products will be structured, the NCA4 authors should consider more concise ways in which to present the material, particularly avoiding duplication between the main text and traceable accounts.
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From page 140... ...
19 P37/L6-9 The Committee found no statement in the Alaska chapter saying that shellfish populations have been declining for 20 years and recommends the authors check this for consistency. 20 P45/L7 The time frame over which 1-4 ft sea level rise is expected is not stated.
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From page 141... ...
Considering supply abundance, most modeling suggests that increased storage is not likely to increase gas or electricity prices. 5: LAND COVER AND LAND USE CHANGE # Page/Line Comment 26 P189/L13 Demand for new settlements can also increase the economic cost of fire damage, as more homes move into wooded areas.
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From page 142... ...
30 P205/L5 The confidence section addresses impacts of climate change on "urbanization in the coastal zone," but the only substantive text addressing the coastal zone is on page 195 in the draft chapter's "state of the sector" section, where links to climate change impacts are not made (only land use land cover change is described)
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From page 143... ...
50 P229/L26 Insert "dry settings such as" so that revised text says "now threatens dry settings, such as the pine barrens of." 51 P230/L3 Replace "climate" with "moisture availability." 52 P230/L13 Include recent references in addition to Hicke et al.
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From page 144... ...
67 P233/L33 Define "climate-related changes in forest structure." 68 P233/L34- Explain that beetle outbreaks and wildfire create forest openings and the 35 resulting increase in surface run-off causes higher water yield. 69 P233/L38 Define "altered." 70 P234/L5 Earlier snowmelt is primarily driven by increased temperatures, not by fires.
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From page 145... ...
. 74 P234/L21 Replace "in response to the risk" with "to sustain reduced risk." 75 P234/L23- Explain why tree growth, carbon sequestration, and water supply are 24 considered ecological risks.
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From page 146... ...
96 P241/L1-4 This sentence somewhat overstates the conclusion of Kurz et al. 2008, which looks at the loss of carbon from mountain pine beetle outbreaks in British Columbia.
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From page 147... ...
, Large wildfire trends in the western United States, 1984-2011, Geophysical Research Letters, 41(8)
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From page 148... ...
, Area burned in the western United States is unaffected by recent mountain pine beetle outbreaks, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, doi:10.1073/pnas.1424037112. LONG-TERM • Dobrowski, S
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From page 149... ...
Riegel (2016) , Tamm Review: Management of mixed-severity fire regime forests in Oregon, Washington, and Northern California, Forest Ecology and Management, 366, 221-250.
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From page 150... ...
Peters (2008) , Estimating potential habitat for 134 eastern US tree species under six climate scenarios, Forest Ecology and Management, 254, 390-406.
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From page 151... ...
7: ECOSYSTEMS, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES, AND BIODIVERSITY # Page/Line Comment 109 P257/L14 Insert "-" (revised text would say "large marine-ecosystem scales")
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From page 152... ...
122 P260/L6 The word "or" should be replaced by "and/or." 123 P260/L7-9 Insert a time span of observation for these statements about range changes and provide some specific examples. 124 P260/L10- Range shifts are different among terrestrial species as well, so it is not 12 clear what in this statement is unique to marine plankton.
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From page 153... ...
143 P262/L5-8 Rewrite "stressors increase stress." Explain how a human-caused stressor "decreases the overall gene pool." Provide an example. 144 P262/L6 It is unclear what is meant by "natural systems." 145 P262/L13 16 Provide a specific example for some of these groups.
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From page 154... ...
160 P265/L22 Give an example to support this statement about shifts in phenology. 161 P265/L29- This paragraph refers to climate change impacts on ecosystem services, 37 but the information is too general to be evaluated.
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From page 155... ...
170 P268/L1-2 Cite references for the statement regarding range shift consequences. 171 P268/L28 Insert time span to support "species respond to climate change." 172 P268/L32 Insert time span for "experienced range shifts." 173 P268/L32- Define climate velocity.
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From page 156... ...
. 198 P270/L29 Insert "ecological" so that revised text states "ecological communities." 199 P270/L32 It is unclear what is meant by "behavioral mechanisms." 200 P270/L33 It is unclear what is meant by "specific traits." 201 P271/L3 Clarify: "major outbreaks" of what?
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From page 157... ...
219 P272/L28 It is unclear how the references are related to the sentence. 220 P272/L36 This text repeats line 20-24 but with different references.
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From page 158... ...
Some of the citations go back to before the NCA3, so they are not new in relation to the development of this draft fourth assessment. 230 P274/L35 Plans for state and public-private partnerships should be discussed.
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From page 159... ...
239 P374/L6-11 It is true and well-documented that agriculture has become more efficient over the last few decades. However, consider following up the statement about reducing agricultural and environmental footprint with a comment about some of the remaining major environmental footprint issues to be addressed (e.g., eutrophication in Great Lakes and the Gulf of Mexico)
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From page 160... ...
But that is different than climate change adaptation being a direct motivator of recent crop genetic advancements. 246 P377/L1-5 This statement is probably true without climate change also-recharge is not keeping up with withdrawals in a lot of places.
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From page 161... ...
A related point is that agronomic management practice shifts that are designed to mitigate climate impacts could also unintentionally exacerbate downstream impacts, for example, adding more fertilizers to insure against the yield losses described by the Rosenzweig et al. 2014 citation included in the draft NCA4, could potentially add to waterway discharges if they are not coupled with precision application technologies or similar.
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From page 162... ...
. Merging remote sensing data and national agricultural statistics to model change in irrigated agriculture.
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From page 163... ...
Lobell. "The impacts of future climate and carbon dioxide changes on the average and variability of US maize yields under two emission scenarios." Environmental Research Letters 10.4 (2015)
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From page 164... ...
. Do the NCA4 authors intend this to be a finding of the assessment (in which case, page 555 and the associated key message is a good place to present it)
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From page 165... ...
Is this because the governance issues are so heterogeneous from place to place that one cannot generalize, i.e., that greater future assessment will be necessary to make progress, or is it that the authors chose not to provide the details? 284 P547-563 General comment: The chapter is clearly written and addresses the important climate change impacts on indigenous peoples in a rigorous fashion.
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From page 166... ...
289 P551/Figure Adaptation is not well covered in the web links provided in this figure. 15.1 The first web link simply refers back to this draft NCA4 chapter; the second and third web links describe climate impacts but say relatively little about ongoing adaptation activities.
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From page 167... ...
The ability of indigenous peoples to anticipate and respond to climate change is affected by economic, political, and legal considerations that severely constrain their abilities to consider and undertake alternative actions. 302 P556/L36 Revise text to say "multi-generational accumulation and transfer of knowledge." 303 P557/L25 It is recommended that "within recognized areas where reserved hunting, fishing, gathering, and trapping rights can be exercised" be added.
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From page 168... ...
310 P851/L6-7 It would be useful to comment on increasing irrigation use in some parts of the region. 311 P857/L1515 Climate factors interact with one another and they interact with land use land cover patterns.
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From page 169... ...
323 P921/L35 Insert "-" such that revised text says "long-term." 324 P922/L12 The statement that it is among the most arid in the Nation should be supported with some precipitation data and an identification of what area is referred to specifically. 325 P922/L24 Delete "a" so that text reads, "representing new and unprecedented." 326 P922/L25 Is this a reference specifically to Glacier National Park?
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From page 170... ...
, The changing hail threat over North America in response to anthropogenic climate change, Nature Climate Change, 7(7) , 516-522, doi:10.1038/nclimate3321.
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From page 171... ...
350 P932/L5-9 Other initiatives should be mentioned such as the Greater Yellowstone Coordinating Committee (representing all federal agencies in the Greater Yellowstone Area) that has several climate-change related initiatives, and Crown of the Continent Partnership, which is similarly looking at climate change impacts on headwater streams.
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From page 172... ...
There is also a mismatch between traditional stories of past climate and current climate conditions." 359 P938/L22- These are general statements (e.g., no salmon in this region) , where 25 more specific examples would be helpful.
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From page 173... ...
392 P951/L32 It would be helpful to list state-level climate assessments for additional information. Chapter 22-Suggested References • Bathke, D.J., R
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From page 174... ...
Wade (2017) , Montana Climate Assessment, Montana State University and University of Montana, Montana Institute on Ecosystems, Bozeman and Missoula, MT, doi:10.15788/m2ww8w.
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From page 175... ...
409 P994/L7-8 The description of confidence and likelihood for Key Message 3 makes the point that habitat created by invasive species due to climate changes has improved populations of other species. This may be in reference to
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From page 176... ...
418 P1031/L11- The text should say "has reduced the impact of sea level rise for some 12 areas in the Northwest." 419 P1031/L21- Include hybrid "green and gray" infrastructure approaches as part of the P1032/L2 emerging issues. 25: SOUTHWEST # Page/Line Comment 420 P1088/L8- Mention why the significant technology sector in the region cares about 10 climate change (or how climate change affects the sector)
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From page 177... ...
This is the first mention of flooding related to this key message and is strangely stated as part of the documentation in the "drought" key message. More detail on this point can be found in the main text review of this draft NCA4 chapter.
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From page 178... ...
2014. The impact of KEY MESSAGE 7 recent heat waves on human health in California.
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From page 179... ...
; CLIMATE DATA http://cal-adapt.org • Western Regional Climate Center; https://wrcc.dri.edu • California LCC "Climate Commons"; http://climate.calcommons.org • Southern California Coastal Observing System (SCOOS) ; http://www.sccoos.org • California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI)
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From page 180... ...
180 Review of the Draft Fourth National Climate Assessment # Page/Line Comment 438 P1170/L37- The range of adaptations that are underway, as stated in this sentence, 39 are not described in the adaptation section of this chapter. 439 P1171/L2-6 It is unclear how Figure 26.4 relates to the text that precedes or follows it.
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From page 181... ...
465 P1475/L36 Insert "noted above" so that the text says "scientific evidence noted above indicates that." 466 P1476/L5 Insert "human-caused" so that the text says "of human-caused global warming on these events." 467 P1476/L12 It is suggested that the words "the severity of" and "some" be added, so that the text reads "global warming has contributed to the severity of some individual weather and climate events." 468 P1476/L15 The text that says "we can model" is jargon. It is suggested that "model" be replaced with "simulate." 469 P1477/L3 Insert "human-caused" so that the text says "to detect the influence of human-caused global warming." 470 P1477/L4 Insert "events" so that the text states "and, to a lesser extent, heavy rainfall events, is better at present."
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From page 182... ...
THE PRIMARY CAUSE OF RECENT GLOBAL WARMING? FAQ: WHAT • Myhre, G., D
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From page 183... ...
McCabe (2013) , Regional patterns and proximal causes of the recent snowpack decline in the Rocky Mountains, US, Geophysical Research Letters, 40, doi: 10.1002/grl.50424.
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