A Review of the Citrus Greening Research and Development Efforts Supported by the Citrus Research and Development Foundation Fighting a Ravaging Disease (2018) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix C: Glossary
Appendix C: Glossary
Pages 213-226
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From page 213... ...
Advanced production systems: Production systems aimed at bringing new citrus groves into commercially viable production quicker than in traditional plantings by employing open hydroponics or intensive fertigation, high planting density, and a suitable rootstock capable of developing a compact tree and an efficient root system in the fertigated soil zone.
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From page 214... ...
Anthocyanin marker: A blue, violet, or red flavonoid pigment found in plants that has been found to be a suitable visible selectable marker for plant transformation. Antimicrobial proteins (AMPs)
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From page 215... ...
Brassinosteroids: A class of polyhydroxylated steroidal phytohormones with structures similar to steroid hormones produced by animals. Brassinosteroids regulate a wide range of physiological processes, including plant growth, devel pment, and immunity.
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From page 216... ...
: An aphid-transmitted, phloem-residing losterovirus that causes the most destructive disease of citrus in the C Western Hemisphere and has a worldwide distribution; viral vectors based on modifications of the Citrus tristeza virus RNA are useful for transfecting citrus trees for beneficial purposes. Clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)
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From page 217... ...
Electrical penetration graph (EPG) : A technology used to study the interactions of insects with plants through the creation of an electrical circuit by attaching a conductive wire to the insect and to the plant, with resulting signal patterns displayed as a waveform graph; often used to study the basis of plant pathogen transmission, host plant selection by insects, and the way insects can find and feed from the plant phloem.
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From page 218... ...
: Characterized by cell envelopes composed of a thin peptidoglycan cell wall sandwiched between an inner cytoplasmic cell membrane and a bacterial outer membrane. Named for a characteristic staining reaction.
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From page 219... ...
Integrated pest management (IPM) : A strategy aimed at long-term prevention of pests or their damage by using a combination of techniques such as biological control, habitat manipulation, modification of cultural practices, and use of resistant varieties.
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From page 220... ...
Meta-analysis: An approach that assumes that there is a common truth behind all conceptually similar scientific studies, but which has been measured with a certain error within individual studies and uses statistical approaches to derive a pooled estimate closest to the unknown common truth. Metabolomics: The study of the unique chemical fingerprints left by specific cellular processes, and of their small-molecule metabolite profiles.
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From page 221... ...
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) : Small molecular motifs associated with groups of pathogens, conserved within a class of microbes, that are recognized by cells of the innate immune system.
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From page 222... ...
Promoter: A region of a DNA molecule that forms the site at which transcription of a gene begins. Propagative transmission: Pathogen transmission characterized by a long period of acquisition of the pathogen by a vector, a latent period before the vector is able to transmit the pathogen, and retention of the pathogen by the vector for a long period because the pathogen reproduces or replicates in the vector.
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From page 223... ...
: Chemically reactive compounds containing oxygen, formed as byproducts of the normal oxygen metabolism and having important roles in cell signaling and homeostasis. Reflective mulch: Also called metallic mulch; mulching material containing metal that reflects sunlight, providing weed control, soil moisture retention, and soil warming, and repelling some insects.
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From page 224... ...
Sec: A bacterial secretion system, conserved among a number of bacterial species, that translocates proteins, primarily in their unfolded state, across bacterial membranes. Semiochemical: A chemical substance or mixture that carries a message for intraspecific or interspecific communication.
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From page 225... ...
Transcriptome: The set of all messenger RNA molecules in one cell or a population of cells. Transformation: The natural or laboratory genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous DNA from its surroundings through the cell membrane.
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From page 226... ...
Wing aspect ratio: The ratio of the span of a wing to its mean chord (length in the direction of wind travel over the wing) ; a high ratio describes a long, narrow wing, while a low ratio describes a short, wide wing.
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Key Terms
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