Public Policy Approaches to Violence Prevention Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief (2018) / Chapter Skim
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Public Policy Approaches to Violence Prevention: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
Public Policy Approaches to Violence Prevention: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
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In 2014 WHO, the United Nations Development Programme, and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime jointly published the Global Status Report on Violence Prevention, which reported that one-quarter of all adults report having been physically abused as a child, one in five women report being sexually abused as a child, one in three women report having been a victim of physical or sexual violence by an intimate partner, and one in 17 older adults report having experienced abuse in the past month (WHO/UNODC/UNDP, 2014)
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He also emphasized that understanding how and when to deploy data to effectively frame a particular message is crucial for justifying and substantiating the need for global violence prevention. In the context of economics and costs, Villaveces emphasized how failing to address violence hampers development, while addressing violence can improve revenues by strengthening the environment to support a more productive society and by preventing the diversion of funds to pay for the costs of violence in a given country or community.
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Butchart touched upon the growing evidence base in global violence prevention and discussed the public health–based framework for dealing with violence, which includes defining the problem using descriptive statistics, identifying underlying causes and risk factors, using outcome evaluation studies to establish effective approaches to preventing violence, and scaling up those policies and programs that are effective. In terms of defining the problem through data, Butchart said that there is a strong evidence base and understanding of violence in this context; however, there is a need for more evidence from low- and middle-income countries, which share a disproportionate burden of global violence, as well as a need for more research focused on men and boys, who are the primary perpetrators of interpersonal violence and who are at a much higher risk of being victims of homicide.
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Wilcox explained that suicide is very complex, with social, psychological, genetic, and biological risk factors all contributing to the burden of self-directed violence; however, there are effective approaches to intervening along the pathways toward self-harm. Wilcox said that the most successful -- and expensive -- suicide prevention efforts are those that are comprehensive and coordinated with built-in evaluation and quality improvement mechanisms in place.
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Wilcox concluded her remarks by reminding the audience that suicide prevention approaches work, and she pointed to the promise of national suicide prevention strategies that can increase funding and resources as well as data collection and political support. COMMUNICATIONS AND MESSAGING OF RESEARCH FINDINGS TO POLICY MAKERS FOR POLICY CHANGE Georges Benjamin of the American Public Health Association spoke about messaging and communicating in a public policy context, including strategies for how researchers with the intent to change policy can effectively communicate their findings to policy makers.
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Communicating in the Context of Youth Violence Jorja Leap from the Luskin School of Public Affairs at the University of California, Los Angeles, who is also the director of the Health and Social Justice Partnership and an adjunct professor of social welfare, conducted her talk on youth violence and using communication and messaging research to change policy. Leap emphasized how to talk about research effectively, and she stressed that communications must be authentic and avoid sensationalism.
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Examples of risk factors for the violence found in Cali include alcohol consumption, access to firearms, cultural behavior, ineffective police and judicial systems, organized crime, inequity, modern poverty, and biological factors. Guerrero said that once one has identified the relevant factors, the next step is to define the problem that is to be solved.
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Alfred said that gun violence in the United States is significant, and the level of gun violence has not changed in the last 10 years, with approximately a half-million acts each year. Alfred said that when Sandy Hook Promise researchers examined the levers used by the gun violence prevention community, they saw a concentration in policy and politics rather than in other levers of social change, such as programs, local activism, and legal levers.
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PLANNING COMMITTEE FOR EFFECTIVE PUBLIC POLICY SOLUTIONS FOR GLOBAL VIOLENCE PREVENTION: A WORKSHOP* Thomas Abt, Harvard University; Sheldon Greenberg, Johns Hopkins University; Rodrigo V
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