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High-Performance Bolting Technology for Offshore Oil and Natural Gas Operations (2018) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix H: Bolting Regulations and Standards
Pages 186-194

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From page 186...
... FEDERAL REGULATIONS The U.S. federal government regulates offshore drilling and production operations through 30 CFR 250.1 Under 30 CFR 250, BSEE is authorized to regulate oil, gas, and sulphur exploration, development, and production operations on the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS)
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From page 187...
... Rather, 30 CFR 250 incorporates by reference the following API standards, specifications and recommended practices: • API Standard 53 -- Blowout Prevention Equipment Systems for Drilling Wells • API RP 2RD -- Design of Risers for Floating Production Systems and Tension-Leg Platforms • API Spec. Q1 -- Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Manufacturing Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry • API Spec.
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From page 188...
... The API limits the maximum allowable tensile stress, SA, for closure bolting considering initial bolt-up, rated working pressure and hydrostatic test pressure conditions. The API specifies a safety factor of 0.83 for bolting stresses, which is based on the root area of the thread: SA = 0,83 SbY The bolting stresses should consider all loading on the closure, including pressure acting over the seal area, gasket loads and any additional mechanical and thermal loads.
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From page 189...
... 16D -- Specification for Control Systems for Drilling Well Control Equipment and Control Systems for Diverter Equipment -- API RP 16Q -- Design, Selection, Operation, and Maintenance of Marine Drilling Riser System -- API RP 17H -- Remotely Operated Tools and Interfaces on Subsea Production Systems -- API SPEC 20E -- Alloy and Carbon Steel Bolting for Use in the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries -- API SPEC 20F -- Corrosion Resistant Bolting for Use in the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries The content of the above API documents relevant to the subject of bolts will be discussed in the next section. Subpart G of 30 CFR 250 became effective on July 29, 2016.
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From page 190...
... API Spec 17D refers to grade L7, L7M, and L43. -- ASTM A453/453, Standard Specification for High- Temperature Bolting, with Expansion Coefficients Comparable to Austenitic Stainless Steels.
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From page 191...
... The QC-FIT report states: This specification covers application, performance and dimensional require ments for electrodeposited coatings on threaded fasteners with unified inch screw threads. It specifies coating thickness, supplementary hexavalent chromate or trivalent chromite finishes, corrosion resistance, precautions for managing the risk of hydrogen embrittlement and hydrogen embrittlement relief for high strength and surface-hardened fasteners.
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From page 192...
... This specification is not directly relevant to subsea bolts, but it does describe a technique for torqueing that provides for less variance, and it incorporates some useful human factors considerations for ensuring torqueing quality. FLANGE BOLT DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS Flange Bolt Preloading There have been changes in the 2011 second edition of API Spec 17D from the 1996 first edition that appear to reflect improved good industry practices for bolting for subsea drilling equipment.
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From page 193...
... Although Section 5.1.3.5 does not make it clear that the "material yield strength" refers to the minimum yield strength, this is clear in Annex G Regarding bolting tensile stress under service loading, API Spec 17D specified that The maximum allowable tensile stress for closure bolting shall be determined considering initial bolt-up, rated working pressure and hydrostatic test pressure conditions.
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From page 194...
... This is a consistent with the first edition of the 1996 first edition of API Spec 17D, which specified a maximum hardness of "Rockwell "C" 35" for carbon and alloy steels.7 7   Ibid.
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Key Terms

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  • minimum yield
  • bolt steel
  • closure bolting
  • standard specification

  • tensile stress
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  • api standards
  • test pressure
  • maximum allowable

  • steel grades
  • hydrostatic test
  • allowable tensile
  • incorporates specifications
  • tree equipment

  • natural gas
  • hydrogen embrittlement
  • recommended practices
  • flange bolt
  • bolting stresses

  • alloy steel
  • api published
  • api documents
  • specifies coating
  • determined considering

  • pressure conditions
  • trivalent chromite
  • bolt design
  • operated tools
  • carbon steel


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