The Neurocognitive and Psychosocial Impacts of Violence and Trauma Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief (2018) / Chapter Skim
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The Neurocognitive and Psychosocial Impacts of Violence and Trauma: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
The Neurocognitive and Psychosocial Impacts of Violence and Trauma: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
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INTRODUCTION TO THE WORKSHOP Sheldon Greenberg of Johns Hopkins University highlighted the workshop's overarching message of the multiple ways that trauma can affect individuals as well as the opportunities to prevent, intervene in, and respond to trauma exposure in meaningful ways to reduce the negative outcomes of such exposure. THE LIVED EXPERIENCE OF TRAUMA Adam Swanson of the Education Development Center spoke of using his lived experience and content expertise to advocate on behalf of others.
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The Public Health Context of Exposure to Trauma and Violence According to Melissa Merrick from the Division of Violence Prevention at CDC, early adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) , are an urgent public health problem, with 1 billion children experiencing violence annually and about one in seven children having experienced child abuse and neglect in the previous year, which is probably underreported.
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has been shown to produce valuable results later in life when the individuals are adults. These results include increased academic achievement, stronger mental and physical health, reduced violence, and increased earnings.
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Exploring Potential Opportunities for Adverse Childhood Experiences Prevention in Early Learning and Care Partnerships David Jacobson of the Education Development Center outlined the challenges to ACEs prevention, such as fragmentation in systems and schools, competing national initiatives, inconsistent quality and age-span gaps in prevention efforts, and a lack of coordination at each stage of development. He said that poverty and family instability adversely affect children and require a multi-faceted response in the early years of life.
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For example, trauma reminders can lead to behaviors that seem out of place, but were appropriate -- and perhaps even helpful -- at the time of the original traumatic event. She described an analysis by the 2013 National Child Traumatic Stress Network of trauma histories among 658 youth (ages 13–18)
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Violence or abuse in childhood has a direct and transgenerational impact, she said, with childhood sexual abuse in the parent correlated with an increased likelihood of the children experiencing PTSD, earlier onset of depression, and impulsivity, and maternal violence against a child correlated with the mother's own experience of childhood maltreatment. Focusing on suicidal behavior and violence and trauma, Oquendo presented evidence that childhood sexual abuse is a stronger predictor of suicidal behaviors than childhood physical abuse, that earlier onset of sexual abuse is correlated with increased suicidal intent, and that reported childhood sexual abuse in parents is correlated with suicide attempts in the children.
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Generally speaking, they receive very little mental health training and no trauma training and are judged on an absence of negatives rather than a presence of positives. Stawinski described the Prince George's County Police Department as an agency at the center of research on American policing, which provides an opportunity to learn about the impact of trauma, to learn how to help officers reduce the impact of long-term trauma, and to expand the research on resiliency.
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He described how the department also engages the health and social services agencies in identifying those services and resources needed to help reduce violence and increase overall community health and how they work across sectors and services to think comprehensively, build capacity, and marshal resources to achieve better outcomes. Jacqueline Rafterry, also of the Prince George's County Police Department, then explained that the department has successfully integrated mental health providers into the police department and the police academy -- a step that also helps to build the skills and capacity of police to address critical incidents and trauma.
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2013. Trauma histories among justice-involved youth: Findings from the National Child Traumatic Stress Network.
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SPONSORS: This workshop was partially supported by Administration for Community Living; Anheuser-Busch InBev; Archstone; Avon Foundation; Becton, Dickinson and Company; Catholic Health Initiatives; Felix Foundation; Insituto Nacional para la Evaluación de la Educación; JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc.
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