Globalization of Defense Materials and Manufacturing Proceedings of a Workshop (2018) / Chapter Skim
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2 Global Technology Awareness
2 Global Technology Awareness
Pages 37-69
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From page 37... ...
Nasr said that he was going to talk about material scarcity and policy interaction related to natural resources and net resource consumption. The IRP was launched in 2007 based on the realization that there would be global industrialization on a massive scale.
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From page 38... ...
"Our goal is really resource efficiency. The goal here is to ensure that we are using resources wisely to ensure that we continue to have the resources to sustain industrial enterprises in many economies." Nasr said that the group has concluded that 60 to 80 percent improvement in energy and water efficiency is technically possible and commercially viable in sec tors such as construction, agriculture, hospitality, industry, and transport.
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From page 39... ...
Some other major issues that IRP groups are addressing include global material flow and other aspects of power generation and power sources. The panel looks at these issues from a variety of perspectives.
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From page 40... ...
Until 2015, the population growth in developed countries was stabilizing at approximately 2 percent, but population growth in all countries is at approxi mately 98 percent. This is going to significantly drive the resource consumption and ndustrialization that will occur in those countries.
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From page 41... ...
does a lot of r emanufacturing subsidized by the government. Nasr agreed that DoD's use of re manufacturing saves the government a lot of money: "If you weren't doing that, you would end up buying new systems." A participant asked how the panel looks at cost and trade-offs for the developed nations: How do lesser-developed nations embrace more advanced environmental standards?
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From page 42... ...
Nasr said that these are critical issues for any industrial enterprise. If it is DoD or a large corporation, for example, there is a lot at risk for waiting too long "and then you have an issue with supply of certain material that would impact your abil ity to sustain your operation.
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From page 43... ...
In terms of manufacturing, Australia is trying to address big trends, such as recognizing the fact that there is a lot of mobility in the world, with growth in China and India. As a result, "the need for collaboration is growing greater and greater," Foley stated, "especially as the number of research dollars that governments are able to give their researchers seems to be shrinking quite significantly pretty much all around the world." Foley explained that CSIRO is a government research organization, but it only gets about 50 percent of its funding directly from the government.
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From page 44... ...
We are opening up our doors so that particularly small to medium enterprises who can't afford to do their own research and development [R&D] can come to our door
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From page 45... ...
CSIRO is also attempting to build intellectual capital in S&T, which is a major issue for the Australian government. Australia's National Measurement Institute is collocated with CSIRO.
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From page 46... ...
By using experimental design and engineering optimization, it is possible to have high-throughput measurement capability in order to identify the area of most interest for a particular design of the desired material. "With that we have been able to increase, in some instances, materials discovery by up to 400 times," she explained.
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From page 47... ...
In the defense field, CSIRO performs fiber work, working on energy storage and harvesting integrated electronics. CSIRO is looking at soldier survivability, specifically injury prevention, through the development of new materials.
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From page 48... ...
For example, it has helped government departments, health systems, and the banking industry to optimize their service provisions. Foley noted that the state of Tasmania is at the bottom of the country and detached from Australia.
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From page 49... ...
It usually takes 20 years to develop a new material, but it has been 7 years to get close to commercial readiness. THE ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY'S ROADMAPPING ACTIVITIES Bob Pfahl, of Pfahl Consulting, LLC, discussed the electronics industry's a pproach to global S&T R&D.
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From page 50... ...
is a large R&D organization in terms of its projects: "Universities join us rather than the other way around." Pfahl said that one of the critical issues in the electronics industry is a need to develop a shared vision of the future needs for the industry. "To develop that shared need, what is very important is to develop a roadmap, to communicate the vision that is developed by the roadmap to the entire supply chain, and to get agreement on doing that," he explained.
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From page 51... ...
Today in the electronics industry, identifying and addressing industry weaknesses are also important elements of the process. Pfahl added that finding industrial partners in the supply chain to work t ogether, solve problems, and determine what the customers in the supply chain need is crucial.
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From page 52... ...
SOURCE: Bob Pfahl, Pfahl Consulting, LLC, presentation to the workshop, March 25, 2015. segments need to do separate roadmaps to cover all of these needs.
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From page 53... ...
"Because of our very disruptive technology and disruptive markets, we have to approach and address those issues. The way we do that is by developing a shared vision that will reduce the risk of the global burden of the electronics industry by having the technology in place and enabling technology that will keep the industry moving forward." In contrast, for the pharmaceutical world, firms want to restrict competition and therefore invest their money in speculative R&D.
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From page 54... ...
He added that companies were more inclined in the late 1990s to collaborate than today but was not sure why. Pfahl replied that the reason is because the time to market is shorter: "Creative people in the firms are not available to participate in the roadmapping process.
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From page 55... ...
"Our problem right now is that there are too many streams of technology, and we need to achieve some consolidation," Pfahl said. PANEL DISCUSSION: GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY AWARENESS AND ENGAGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES Panelists: Mark Maurice, Air Force Office of Scientific Research Shawn Thorne, Office of Naval Research, London Ty Pollak, Universal Technology Corporation Brian Holloway, Office of Naval Research Lead: Bob Schafrik, GE Aircraft Engines (retired)
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From page 56... ...
AFOSR has three overseas offices: London, Tokyo, and the newest one in S antiago. The London office has existed since 1952, and for many years it covered only Western Europe.
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From page 57... ...
"If you are not actually getting researchers together from both sides, you are r eally not going to accomplish a whole lot other than lots and lots of banquet dinners and coffee breaks. If the researchers aren't part of the process, you are really not going to get any good science done.
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From page 58... ...
Pollak explained that he spent almost 4.5 years in the London office for AFOSR. He discussed the three main steps to build an international portfolio.
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From page 59... ...
You are trying to build a relationship that is going to last longer than your own tour." Pollak added that there is so much attention on Asia that he felt that the London office was ignored. "There is so much good work going on in Western Europe," Pollak noted.
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From page 60... ...
Pollak added that the use of analytics is becoming steadily more important. Universal Technology Corporation identified some holes, particularly in its Nordic engagement, while he was there: "We tried to plug those with some targeted site visits in Finland and the materials and nanotechnology activity there." Teaming was very important, Pollak stressed.
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From page 61... ...
For those small grants, there are generally two different scenarios, Holloway said. "One is to that Polish researcher or a faculty member in Saudi Arabia or in the United Arab Emirates where you are trying to build strategic relationships or facilitate strategic relationship-building.
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From page 62... ...
military." Holloway said that this is where the face-to-face engagement and the ability to explain in detail and in person what they do can be valuable. They can explain the difference among basic, applied, and applicable research, and what restrictions do and, more importantly, do not come with much of the international funding.
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From page 63... ...
ONR Global facilitated a conver sation with the U.K. government for its approval by first contacting the Defence Science Technology Laboratory in the U.K.
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From page 64... ...
What is stopping it from growing and blossoming and meeting what is going to this eventual future? " Pollak pointed out that his team was hearing from the international offices of ONR Global and AFOSR: "This is a very small part of DoD international engage ent in S&T.
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From page 65... ...
Maybe there are separate offices to help people just with the operations side of working how the money flows and to put a face to the program." Holloway added that a next step would be facilitating more international engage ent and therefore more efficiency at the applied level, even at the test and m evaluation level, although the latter is where more problems will arise. Another participant asked about USAID: "Do you actively coordinate with them?
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From page 66... ...
That is the downside to some of these offices." Kern added that another downside is that some of them get leveraged by the Department of State to fill in the gaps that the Department of State does not fill: "I am sure a few of you have been asked to escort a few people around that you didn't think you had anything to do with." Thorne added that travel is important because being able to travel to many countries makes it possible to tap into the emerging opportunities. "Unfortunately I think we generally worked South Africa out of the Santiago and sometimes London Office.
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From page 67... ...
Therefore, there was some alacrity put to it." Another participant asked about how much U.S. defense contractors fund any offshore universities as part of offsets1 for sales that they make: "Is that a bigger amount than what we are talking about here?
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From page 68... ...
Telling a professor to give me your crazy idea that no one else is going to fund, but you feel very passionate about it, and that we will give you enough money to put one graduate student on it -- that really unlocks a lot of potential in possibility." Thorne said that the other bin is generally with up and coming professors: "Getting to them early in their career sets a network of collaborations that is going to benefit us for a really long time." Foley recounted how in the late 1980s Australia had a generic industrial R&D grant program, which was quite a significant amount of money, where a university or a government agency worked with an industry. "They stopped this because they said they measured the outcome from it.
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From page 69... ...
It is a problem that we have all tried to wrestle with." Another participant remarked that "both the International Traffic in Arms Regulations and the Export Administration Regulations have explicit fundamental research exemptions which flow down from NSRD 189, an executive order signed by President Reagan in the 1980s. It was most recently formally endorsed by Sec retary Rice in 2002.
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