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2 What Do We Mean by "Small Populations"?
Pages 7-18

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From page 7...
... Scarlett Lin Gomez (University of California, San Francisco) discussed data issues in studying small populations, followed by Lisa Signorello (National Cancer Institute)
From page 8...
... Major surveillance tools that can help the health community obtain the necessary data include cancer registries and major national health surveys, such as the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) , the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, the Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS)
From page 9...
... 7 also looked at health disparities, including for the LGBT population, documenting the status of areas such as health insurance coverage, mammogram rates, HIV infection rates, stigma, bullying, and violence. Koh noted that the AANHPI population comprises more than 50 ethnicities and more than 100 different languages.
From page 10...
... There appears to be a higher diabetes risk at each body mass index (BMI) level for Asian Americans than for other groups, which led the American Diabetes Association to recommend diabetes testing for Asian American adults with a BMI of 23 (versus 25 for the general population)
From page 11...
... Koh noted Stories from the Shadows (O'Connell, 2015) 12 as a gripping portrayal of the issues that homeless people endure, including high rates of cancer fueled by excessive tobacco use, high rates of communicable diseases such as tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and hepatitis, and high prevalence of violence in shelters.
From page 12...
... Gomez presented information from a case study she and her colleagues conducted on breast cancer in Asian American women.16 While rates of breast cancer among Asian Americans on the whole are considerably lower than rates among the non-Hispanic white population, the study found that once the Asian ethnic groups were disaggregated, the rates ranged greatly, from a low of 46 per 100,000 among Korean Americans to 102 and 100 per 100,000 among Japanese and Filipino Americans. When they broke the groups down further and looked at place of birth (U.S.
From page 13...
... Gomez said although her studies focused on breast cancer, diverging heterogeneous patterns of cancer among Asian Americans hold true for many cancer sites. Likewise, diverging cancer trends can also be observed for Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander groups.
From page 14...
... The cohort comprised targeted groups that were underrepresented in cancer research and/or had issues accessing proper care, including African Americans, rural Americans, and Americans living in poverty. She said these groups experience high geographical dispersion and major competing priorities, such as housing, food, and employment.
From page 15...
... Signorello emphasized the importance of including underrepresented groups in research to improve science, public health, and health equity. It may be unchartered territory that requires careful planning and additional resources; as such, the goal should be to develop methods that are effective in reaching the target populations but also are cost efficient.
From page 16...
... asked Signorello if the workforce trained to manage the cohort data collection had been or would be trained to implement the interventions yielded by the data collected. Signorello said SCCS wrote grants for several CHCs to start programs including smoking cessation, weight reduction, and other intervention-based programming.
From page 17...
... She pointed to many opportunities for investigators working in epidemiologic surveys and for trained community health workers to serve as catalysts to deploy and implement best practices in routine care more rapidly.


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