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From page 76... ... 3This table can be reproduced to cover as many routes as are in a transit agency's system -- as denoted by n in the last row. Route-Comparison Summary Table, Part B ROUTE-COMPARISON SUMMARY TABLE – PART B3 ROUTES ROUTE FACTOR SELECT RISK FACTOR RANK FROM LOOK-UP TABLE OPERATION FACTORS SELECT RISKFACTOR RANK FROM LOOk-UP TABLE ROUTE RISK SCORE – PART B TOTAL ROUTE RISK SCORE – A + B BARS, NIGHTCLUBS, AND ENTERTAINMENT HIGH INCIDENT VENUES – TAVERNS, BARS, NIGHTCLUBS, AND SPORTS BARS/STADIUMS HIGH INCIDENT GANG AREAS HIGH JUVENILE CRIME AREAS KNOWN THREATS TERMINALS AND TRANSFER STATIONS HOURS OF OPERATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 .. Read the entire page →
From page 77... ... 78 There are a number of different categories of countermeasures that are available to protect transit operators from assaults. The countermeasures in the following tables are organized in order of overall effectiveness. Read the entire page →
From page 78... ... Countermeasures Catalog 79 external. Provides status of assets and requests for assets. Read the entire page →
From page 79... ... 80 Tools and Strategies for Eliminating Assaults Against Transit Operators: User Guide agency can undertake. But clearly, in the context of prevention or deterrence of assaults against transit operators security personnel on-board are a significant resource available to reduce security-related incidents. Read the entire page →
From page 80... ... Countermeasures Catalog 81 to the user's job responsibilities and should always be for official use only. Significant safety concerns exist regarding distracted driving. Read the entire page →
From page 81... ... 82 Tools and Strategies for Eliminating Assaults Against Transit Operators: User Guide agencies are moving away from older analog surveillance systems and methods that are capable solely of recording information for later after-the-fact review. Federal grants all stipulate that systems must support real time incident capture thereby providing public safety responders with actionable information. Read the entire page →
From page 82... ... Countermeasures Catalog 83 • Driver/Operator Security - Includes conflict mitigation, self-defense, or assault prevention training. Training may be provided to all operators concerning de-escalation processes and management of hostile passengers. Read the entire page →
From page 83... ... 1. POLICIES, PLANS, AND PROTOCOLS SECURITY MEASURE EASE OF USE TRANSIT INDUSTRY USE TIME TO IMPLEMENT LABOR INTENSIVE COST TO IMPLEMENT EFFECTIVENESS APPLICATIONS Communication Protocol for Violent Incidents Easy Medium Short $ $ Mitigation/Response/Recovery Fare Collection Policy and Procedures Easy High Short $ $ Prevention/Deterrence/Mitigation Operator Assault Committees/Task Forces Easy Low Short $ $ Prevention/Mitigation/Response/ Recovery Passenger Screening Difficult Low Long $$$ $$$ Prevention/Deterrence/Detection/ Mitigation Post-Incident Action Steps Easy Medium Short $ $ Mitigation/Response/Recovery Operator Assaults Zero Tolerance Workplace Violence Policy Coverage Easy High Short $ $ Prevention/Deterrence/Mitigation/ Response/Recovery T ools and S trategies for E lim inating A ssaults A gainst T ransit O perators, V olum e 2: U ser G uide C opyright N ational A cadem y of S ciences. Read the entire page →
From page 84... ... Passenger Code of Conduct Easy Low Short $ $ Prevention/Deterrence Violent Incident Emergency Response Plan Easy Low Short $ $ Mitigation/Response/Recovery Intelligence Information Sharing Cooperation Moderate Medium Short $ $ Prevention/Detection/Mitigation/ Response Assault Legislation Moderate Low Long $ $ Prevention/Deterrence/Mitigation Barring Systems Difficult Low Medium $$ $$ Prevention/Deterrence Passenger Awareness Programs Moderate Low Medium $$ $$ Prevention/Deterrence/Detection/ Mitigation T ools and S trategies for E lim inating A ssaults A gainst T ransit O perators, V olum e 2: U ser G uide C opyright N ational A cadem y of S ciences. A ll rights reserved. Read the entire page →
From page 85... ... 2. POLICE OR SECURITY STAFFING SECURITY MEASURE EASE OF USE TRANSIT INDUSTRY USE TIME TO IMPLEMENT LABOR INTENSIVE COST TO IMPLEMENT EFFECTIVENESS APPLICATIONS Staffing On-Board Conveyance Easy Low Short $$$ $$$ Prevention/Deterrence/Detection/ Mitigation/Response/Recovery Centralized OnBoard Alarms, Panic Buttons with Immediate Force Response Moderate Low Medium $$$ $$$ Mitigation/Response/Recovery Centralized Surveillance with Immediate Force Response Difficult Low Medium $$$ $$$ Prevention/Deterrence/Detection/ Mitigation/Response/Recovery Shadowing Vehicles Difficult Low Short $$ $$$ Deterrence/Detection/Mitigation/ Response/Recovery Centralized Remote Sensors with Immediate Force Response Difficult Low Long $ $$$ Detection/Mitigation/Response T ools and S trategies for E lim inating A ssaults A gainst T ransit O perators, V olum e 2: U ser G uide C opyright N ational A cadem y of S ciences. Read the entire page →
From page 86... ... Countermeasures Catalog 87 Police or Security Staffing: Case Study 1 GO WEST TRANSIT: GO WEST SECURITY PROGRAM POLICE OR SECURITY STAFFING ON BOARD CONVEYANCE (2010) The Go West Security Program was a partnership and collaboration between Go West Transit and the Western Illinois University, Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice Administration. Read the entire page →
From page 87... ... 88 Tools and Strategies for Eliminating Assaults Against Transit Operators: User Guide transfer instead of as law enforcers. A survey of Route 4 and 13 riders covering a 3 year period after implementation of the Go West Security Program resulted in the following statistics: Do you feel safer with Go West Security riding Routes 4 and 13? Read the entire page →
From page 88... ... Countermeasures Catalog 89 Police or Security Staffing Determinations The figure below describes relevant decision points for a transit agency that has objectively determined that dedicated security forces are required to protect their drivers, passengers, assets, and critical infrastructure. Transportation Security Force Planning Flow Chart Security Presence Required? Read the entire page →
From page 89... ... 90 Tools and Strategies for Eliminating Assaults Against Transit Operators: User Guide Police or Security Staffing: Case Study 2 PIERCE TRANSIT (PIERCE COUNTY, WA.) : PIERCE TRANSIT DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY AND "NOT ON OUR BUS" PROGRAM In 2006 Pierce Transit took on the somewhat daunting task of creating a Department of Public Safety (DPS) Read the entire page →
From page 90... ... Countermeasures Catalog 91 Significant Statistics for 2010: Over 567 arrests (194 felony arrests) 12,430 Warnings issued 8,126 Proactive bus sweeps 3 Problem Oriented Policing major initiatives with outside agency partnerships 7,005 Unlawful Transit Conduct incidents 303 Investigative follow-up cases 436 Employee assists 36,784 Positive citizen contacts 988 Notice of Infractions issued 181 Agency assists 3 Bomb threats 8 Civil disturbances 12,403 Self-Initiated contacts 1,935 traffic stops 425 tickets written 170 criminal citations written Fewer incidents were observed at incident hot spots throughout the system after key countermeasures were implemented. Read the entire page →
From page 91... ... 3. VOICE COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY SECURITY MEASURE EASE OF USE TRANSIT INDUSTRY USE TIME TO IMPLEMENT LABOR INTENSIVE COST TO IMPLEMENT EFFECTIVENESS APPLICATIONS Two-Way Radio Easy High Short $ $$ Deterrence/Mitigation/Response/Recovery Two-Way Radio using 3G/4G/LTE/Satellite Mobile Broadband Least-Cost Routing Moderate Medium Medium $$ $$ Deterrence/Mitigation/Response/Recovery Cellular Telephone -- Texting and Emailing Easy Low Short $ $ Deterrence/Mitigation/Response/Recovery Real-Time Audio Moderate Low Long $ $ Deterrence/Mitigation/Response/Recovery T ools and S trategies for E lim inating A ssaults A gainst T ransit O perators, V olum e 2: U ser G uide C opyright N ational A cadem y of S ciences. Read the entire page →
From page 92... ... Countermeasures Catalog 93 Voice Communications Technology: Case Study 1 CINETCOMM TOTALCONNEX™ TECHNOLOGY FOR 2-WAY RADIO, ON-BOARD DATA, MOBILE ASSET TRACKING, NATIONWIDE The Cinetcomm TotalConnex™ system is a recently developed communications system utilizing terrestrial and satellite network backbones in tandem, providing communications connectivity anywhere a transit vehicle operates. Satellite, 3G/4G and LTE systems are interfaced and supported by a network configuration that automatically selects a transmission path based on availability of network signals (3G/4G/LTE and satellite) Read the entire page →
From page 93... ... 4. DATA COMMUNICATIONS AND TELEMETRY SYSTEMS SECURITY MEASURE EASE OF USE TRANSIT INDUSTRY USE TIME TO IMPLEMENT LABOR INTENSIVE COST TO IMPLEMENT EFFECTIVENESS APPLICATIONS Mobile Data Terminals (MDTs) Read the entire page →
From page 94... ... Countermeasures Catalog 95 Data Communications and Telemetry Systems: Case Study 1 ADT TRANSPORTATION SOLUTIONS, SEON TRANSIT SAFETY SOLUTIONS POLICE REAL TIME RESPONSE, MDTs, AVL, GPS, EMERGENCY ALERT BUTTONS Recorded information passively gathered on a vehicle only becomes actionable when it can be received and acted upon by those outside of the crisis. By adding on-demand telecommunications capabilities into the vehicle environment, activated via triggering the Emergency Alert button, it is possible for central security operations to view and hear, in real time, what is occurring on the vehicle. Read the entire page →
From page 95... ... 96 Tools and Strategies for Eliminating Assaults Against Transit Operators: User Guide One such manufacturer's system performs the following activities: Vehicle Disabling – By interfacing the computer with the vehicle's ignition and electronic control module (ECM) remote shut down of power can be accomplished. Read the entire page →
From page 96... ... 5. SURVEILLANCE AND OBSERVATION SYSTEMS SECURITY MEASURE EASE OF USE TRANSIT INDUSTRY USE TIME TO IMPLEMENT LABOR INTENSIVE COST TO IMPLEMENT EFFECTIVENESS APPLICATIONS Visible Surveillance Systems -- Cameras in Plain Sight Moderate Medium Long $ $$ Prevention/Deterrence/ Detection/Mitigation Bus Stop Lighting Moderate Low Long $ $$ Prevention/Deterrence/ Detection Video Surveillance Using On-board Computer/DVR Moderate Medium Medium $$ $$ Prevention/Deterrence/ Detection/Mitigation T ools and S trategies for E lim inating A ssaults A gainst T ransit O perators, V olum e 2: U ser G uide C opyright N ational A cadem y of S ciences. Read the entire page →
From page 97... ... 6. DRIVER PROTECTION SYSTEMS SECURITY MEASURE EASE OF USE TRANSIT INDUSTRY USE TIME TO IMPLEMENT LABOR INTENSIVE COST TO IMPLEMENT EFFECTIVENESS APPLICATIONS Physical Barriers/Compartment Barriers or Shielding -- Full or Partial Easy Low Long $ $$ Prevention/Deterrence On-Board Vehicle Fire Suppression Equipment Easy High Short $ $ Prevention/Deterrence Driver-Side Exit Doors Moderate Low Long $$ $$$ Prevention/Deterrence Public Address System and Signage Easy High Medium $$ $$ Prevention/Deterrence/Mitigation/ Recovery Defensive Weapons Moderate Medium Medium $ $$ Prevention/Deterrence/Mitigation/Recovery/ Response DNA Swipe Kits Moderate Low Short $ $ Detection/Recovery/Response T ools and S trategies for E lim inating A ssaults A gainst T ransit O perators, V olum e 2: U ser G uide C opyright N ational A cadem y of S ciences. Read the entire page →
From page 98... ... Countermeasures Catalog 99 Driver Protection Systems: Case Study 1 TCRP SYNTHESIS 93, MBTA, WMATA, TRANSLINK, METRO (SEATTLE) Read the entire page →
From page 99... ... 100 Tools and Strategies for Eliminating Assaults Against Transit Operators: User Guide None of the manufacturers offer off-the-shelf versions of operator barriers. Rather, potential buyers can review examples of past projects and designs for various systems and brands of buses. Read the entire page →
From page 100... ... 7. TRAINING Training, for purposes of this report, is an organized activity aimed at imparting information and/or instructions to improve the recipient's performance or to help him or her attain a required level of knowledge or skill. Read the entire page →
From page 101... ... 102 Tools and Strategies for Eliminating Assaults Against Transit Operators: User Guide Training: Case Study 1 TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION (TSA) Read the entire page →
From page 102... ... Countermeasures Catalog 103 Training: Case Study 2 CUTA TRANSIT AMBASSADOR CURRICULUM Transit Ambassador is a transit-specific customer service curriculum used by 50 transit agencies in the U.S. and has been proven successful in Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the Caribbean. Read the entire page →
From page 103... ... 104 Tools and Strategies for Eliminating Assaults Against Transit Operators: User Guide COMPREHENSIVE STRATEGIES Today's progressive agency responses to operator assaults are multifaceted and layered taking into account the benefits of systematic security countermeasures deployed jointly or in tandem. Engaging in a continuous improvement program that adds on layers of deterrence, mitigation or response capabilities can greatly enhance the overall protection of operators. Read the entire page →
From page 104... ... Countermeasures Catalog 105 aimed to convey to customers the importance of respecting STM's bus drivers. The other campaign depicted customer behaviors identified by the bus drivers as irritating to themselves and the other customers (loud music, not taking off the backpack, blocking the doors and such) Read the entire page →
From page 105... ... 106 Tools and Strategies for Eliminating Assaults Against Transit Operators: User Guide figures into context, it helps to understand that the STM has increased its bus service offer by 22 % since 2007 and that over 1000 drivers have been hired since 2010: The number of assaults, all types combined, leading to OH&S reports with the CSST steadily decreased from 133 in 2007 to 95 in 2010 to 74 in 2012, a decrease of 44.36%. The total number of sick leave days assault-related went from 4657 in 2007 to 2232 in 2012, down 52.1%. Read the entire page →
From page 106... ... Countermeasures Catalog 107 • Improve the effectiveness of the agency's communication and public involvement efforts. • Evaluate the latest vehicle safety design features and other technologies that can be used to enhance operator safety. Read the entire page →
From page 107... ... 108 Tools and Strategies for Eliminating Assaults Against Transit Operators: User Guide and Maintaining a Peaceful Bus Environment. The SSTF issued new safety and security awareness centric messages into all employee paychecks that reinforce core safety beliefs and principles. Read the entire page →

From page 76...

... 3This table can be reproduced to cover as many routes as are in a transit agency's system -- as denoted by n in the last row. Route-Comparison Summary Table, Part B ROUTE-COMPARISON SUMMARY TABLE – PART B3 ROUTES ROUTE FACTOR SELECT RISK FACTOR RANK FROM LOOK-UP TABLE OPERATION FACTORS SELECT RISKFACTOR RANK FROM LOOk-UP TABLE ROUTE RISK SCORE – PART B TOTAL ROUTE RISK SCORE – A + B BARS, NIGHTCLUBS, AND ENTERTAINMENT HIGH INCIDENT VENUES – TAVERNS, BARS, NIGHTCLUBS, AND SPORTS BARS/STADIUMS HIGH INCIDENT GANG AREAS HIGH JUVENILE CRIME AREAS KNOWN THREATS TERMINALS AND TRANSFER STATIONS HOURS OF OPERATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ..