Open Science by Design Realizing a Vision for 21st Century Research (2018) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 1-14
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Harnessing today's stunning, ongoing advances in information technologies, the global research enterprise and its stakeholders are moving toward a new open science ecosystem. Open science aims to ensure the free availability and usability of scholarly publications, the data that result from scholarly research, and the methodologies, including code or algorithms, that were used to generate those data.
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• Structure of scholarly communications. Most publications are still only available on a subscription basis, and some potential pathways to open publication may disrupt the current scholarly communications ecosystem, including scientific society publishers, or may disadvantage early career researchers, researchers working in the developing world, or those in in stitutions with fewer resources.
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For example, the ability to automate the process of searching and analyzing linked articles and data can reveal patterns that would escape human perception, making the process of generating and testing hypotheses faster and more efficient. These tools and services will have maximum impact when used within an open science ecosystem that spans institutional, national, and disciplinary boundaries.
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From the very beginning of the research process, the researcher both contributes to open science and takes advantage of the open science practices of other members of the research community. The overarching principle of open science by design is that research conducted openly and transparently leads to better science.
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• Ideation: develop and revise research plans and prepare to share re search results and tools under FAIR principles. Researchers and their collaborators develop and revise their research plans, collect preliminary data from publicly available data repositories, and conduct a pilot study to test their new methods on the existing data.
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• Preservation: deposit research outputs in FAIR archives and ensure long-term access to research results. Researchers deposit the final peer reviewed articles in an openly accessible archive as required by their re search funders.
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Recommendation One Research institutions should work to create a culture that actively supports Open Science by Design by better rewarding and supporting researchers engaged in open science practices. Research funders should provide explicit and consistent support for practices and approaches that facilitate this shift in culture and incentives.
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• In fields where this is not already common practice, research funders should encourage and reward the use of data and other research products that are available in publicly accessible databases. • Universities and other research institutions should encourage and reward studies that focus on the replication and reproducibility of published re search.
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• Library and information science schools, professional societies, and other interested organizations should develop course curricula and offer courses in the principles and practices of open science by design. • Research funders and professional societies should create programs or contests that seek the creative and innovative integration and (re)
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• Private research funders who have not already done so should adopt ap proaches compatible with those developed for publicly funded research products planning, management, reporting, and stewardship. • Researchers should describe the plan for dissemination and stewardship of their research products with some specificity, consistent with the stand ardized sponsor requirements described above, including where their re search products will be made publicly available and for what period of time.
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• Researchers and research funders should require that research products designated for long-term preservation and stewardship are assigned per sistent unique digital identifiers. • Professional societies and research funders should support efforts to net work and federate existing repositories for improved discoverability.
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While some subscription publishers have begun to offer researchers some forms of access for text and data mining and other productive reuses, their terms of access usually impose some restrictions on reuse. The past several decades have seen the printed journal eclipsed by online distribution of research results.
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• Funders, institutions, and researchers should align policies and incentives to realize open publication, including rights-retention provisions. • Research funders should support the establishment of a consortium of re search community stakeholders to develop additional concrete methods for implementing open science by design.
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