Environmental Engineering for the 21st Century Addressing Grand Challenges (2019) / Chapter Skim
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Introduction
Introduction
Pages 1-7
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At its worst, the human presence is manifest in pollution hanging over cities; sprawling development in place of forests; hazardous chemicals permeating rivers, lakes, and soil; vanishing species; and a changing climate. The field of environmental engineering emerged to support human and environmental needs while mitigating adverse impacts associated with human activities.
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In the systems to distribute clean water to great cities such as Cusco United States, debilitating smog over Los Angeles and other and Tikal. The beginnings of modern-day environmental engineering are typically traced to the creation of the first municipal drinking water filtration systems, the first continuously pressurized drinking water supply, and the first large-scale municipal sanitary sewer in 19th century London.
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public attention to the widespread practice of dumping Environmental Protection Agency to develop remedial actions industrial and household wastes into rivers and streams, the and treatment technologies to reduce pollutants at designated U.S. Clean Water Act of 1972 banned the discharge of pollutants sites.4 Environmental engineers today play a crucial role in from pipes and other point sources into navigable waters carrying out this charge by providing technical expertise to without a permit.
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Nonetheless, it is expected that in the United Nations' 2030 Agenda for increased purchasing power and consumption preferences Sustainable Development, which articulates of the world's growing middle class will generally lead 17 strategic goals designed "to end poverty, to increases in resource and energy use, with negative protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for implications for ecosystems, biodiversity, and human all."14 While environmental quality has the health. The United Nations' Sustainable Development potential to contribute to all of these goals, at Goals offer a framework to guide economic development least 10 of them relate directly or indirectly to while minimizing its potential downsides (see sidebar)
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Although efforts to characterize, manage, and remediate existing environmental problems are still essential, environmental engineers must also turn their skills and knowledge toward the design, development, and communication of innovative solutions that avoid or reduce environmental problems. The core competencies of environmental engineering, which emphasize not only specific goals related to human needs and the condition of the environment but holistic consideration of the consequences of our actions, are uniquely valuable in developing the solutions that will be needed in the coming decades.
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6 | ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING IN THE 21st CENTURY: ADDRESSING GRAND CHALLENGES
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require significant input from environmental engineers. Advance Personalized Learning Secure Cyperspace Provide Access to Clean Water Make Solar Energy Economical Enhance Virtual Reality Provide Energy from Fusion Reverse-Engineer the Brain Prevent Nuclear Terror Engineer Better Medicines Manage the Nitrogen Cycle Advance Health Informatics Develop Carbon Sequestration Methods Restore and Improve Urban Infrastructure Engineer the Tools of Scientific Discovery Introduction | 7
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